Asociación del grupo sanguíneo ABO con complicaciones en covid-19 : revisión sistemática y meta-análisis.

Asociation between abo blood groups and covid-19 complications: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Contenido principal del artículo

Paula Daniela Nieto Zambrano
Hector Fabio Restrepo
John Jaime Sprockel
María Lorcy Monsalve Córdoba
Arley Gómez López

Resumen

Introducción: los grupos sanguíneos ABO han sido utilizados como marcadores de desenlace en diferentes enfermedades, otorgando al grupo O un factor protector y al A uno de riesgo. Durante el brote de SARS CoV-1 se planteó la posible relación entre riesgo de infección y tipo sanguíneo; se presume que en la pandemia por COVID-19 exista una relación entre determinados desenlaces y los grupos ABO. Objetivo:  determinar la asociación entre los diferentes grupos sanguíneos y los desenlaces de mortalidad, ingreso a cuidados intensivos y requerimiento de intubación orotraqueal (IOT) en población con infección por COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: revisión sistemática y metanálisis entre enero 2020 y marzo 2021 en las bases de datos MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Latindex y LILACS, identificando los desenlaces mencionados en pacientes con COVID-19. Resultados: se incluyeron 16 estudios, la mayoría retrospectivos multicéntricos. Se evidenció que pacientes con grupo sanguíneo A tienen mayor riesgo de mortalidad (OR 1.08 ;1.01-0.17), frente al ingreso a UCI no hubo diferencia estadística significativa entre los grupos sanguíneos. Se encontró que el AB representa un factor de riesgo para intubación orotraqueal (OR 1.42 IC95% 1.02-1.96), en tanto que el A demostró proteger contra este desenlace (OR 0.84 IC95%0.73-0.97). Conclusiones: hay evidencia sobre la relación entre el grupo sanguíneo y los desenlaces, asociada con la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Se requieren estudios prospectivos que evalúen grupo sanguíneo, RH y desenlaces específicos.

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Biografía del autor/a

Hector Fabio Restrepo , Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud

Instructor Asistente, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud.

John Jaime Sprockel, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud

Instructor Asociado, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud.

María Lorcy Monsalve Córdoba, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud

Estadística, especialista en Administración de Negocios y en Gestión Aplicada a los Servicios de Salud.

Arley Gómez López, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud

Profesor Titular, Vicerrector de investigaciones, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud.

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