Meningoencefalitis por herpes simple: una visión de la infección viral que causa el mayor compromiso cerebral

Herpes simplex virus encephalitis: an overview of the viral infection causing the greatest brain compromise

Contenido principal del artículo

Andres Felipe Erazo Narvaez, Dr
Leon Santiago Díez Chamorro, Dr
Giovanni Andres Ordoñez Ruiz, Dr
Victoria Eugenia Niño Castaño, Dr

Resumen

La inflamación del sistema nervioso central secundaria a la infección por la familia herpesviridae puede generar un compromiso difuso del parénquima encefálico, la cual puede ser fatal en ausencia de un rápido diagnóstico y tratamiento. Objetivo: revisar las diferentes características biológicas, fisiopatológicas, clínicas, terapéuticas y pronóstico de la meningoencefalitis causada por VHS-1 y 2. Materiales y métodos: revisión de la literatura científica (revisión crítica), llevada a cabo mediante las bases de datos Medline y buscadores específicos IMBIOMED, PUBMEDE, SCIENCEDIRECT, SCIELO, con un total de 150 artículos, se priorizaron 67 los cuales fueron leídos a profundidad. Resultados y discusión: debido el neurotropismo del herpes virus simple puede causar neuroinvasividad, neurotoxicidad y latencia en el SNC. Por sus características semiológicas inespecíficas se requiere un estudio exhaustivo para lograr el diagnóstico acertado. Los métodos actuales tales como neuroimágenes y PCR han aportado al esclarecimiento del diagnóstico etiológico de esta patología. La detección temprana de la entidad y la instauración precoz del tratamiento, se asocian con un aumento en la tasa de supervivencia y a una disminución de las secuelas neurológicas. Conclusión: conocer la biología del virus, su comportamiento, las características clínicas y el tratamiento de la entidad es una estrategia eficaz para disminuir secuelas y desenlaces fatales.

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Biografía del autor/a

Andres Felipe Erazo Narvaez, Dr, Universidad del Cauca

Programa de Medicina, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad del Cauca, Popayán Cauca, Colombia.

Leon Santiago Díez Chamorro, Dr, Universidad del Cauca

Programa de Medicina, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad del Cauca, Popayán Cauca, Colombia.

Giovanni Andres Ordoñez Ruiz, Dr, Universidad del Cauca

Programa de Medicina, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad del Cauca, Popayán Cauca, Colombia.

Victoria Eugenia Niño Castaño, Dr, Universidad del Cauca

Bióloga. Maestría en Ciencias Básicas Médicas. Doctorado Biociencias y Biotecnología aplicada a Farmacia. Departamento de Patología. Facultad Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad del Cauca, Popayán Cauca, Colombia.

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