Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico de la arteria cerebral media

Middle cerebral artery ischemic cerebrovascular accident

Publicado 2022-03-31

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Vol. 31 Núm. 1 (2022): Enero - Abril
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Artículo de revisión
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Pineda Sanabria, J. P., & Tolosa Cubillos, J. M. (2022). Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico de la arteria cerebral media. Revista Repertorio De Medicina Y Cirugía, 31(1), 20-32. https://doi.org/10.31260/RepertMedCir.01217372.1104
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https://doi.org/10.31260/RepertMedCir.01217372.1104
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Juan Pablo Pineda Sanabria
Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2196-308X

    Jorge Mauricio Tolosa Cubillos
    Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
      https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7658-2260

      Mostrar biografía de los autores

      Jorge Mauricio Tolosa Cubillos,

      Docente auxiliar. Universidad Militar Nueva Granada. Bogotá DC, Colombia.

      La segunda causa de muerte a nivel mundial corresponde a los ataques cerebrovasculares (ACV), de los cuales más de dos terceras partes son de origen isquémico. Causan discapacidad a largo plazo por lo que conocer la anatomía de la circulación cerebral y las posibles manifestaciones clínicas del ACV isquémico permite sospechar, diagnosticar y brindar un manejo oportuno y apropiado, reduciendo el impacto en la salud y la calidad de vida del paciente y sus cuidadores. Objetivo: relacionar los últimos hallazgos en la anatomía arterial cerebral, los mecanismos fisiopatológicos y las manifestaciones clínicas del ACV isquémico de la arteria cerebral media (ACM). Materiales y métodos: revisión de la literatura mediante la búsqueda con términos MeSH en la base de datos Medline, incluyendo estudios, ensayos y metaanálisis publicados entre 2000 y 2020 en inglés y español, además de otras referencias para complementar la información. Resultados: se seleccionaron 59 publicaciones, priorizando la de los últimos 5 años y las más relevantes del rango temporal consultado. Conclusiones: son escasos los estudios sobre la presentación clínica de los ACV, lo que sumado a la variabilidad interindividual de la irrigación cerebral, dificulta la determinación clínica de la localización de la lesión dentro del lecho vascular. La reperfusión del área de penumbra isquémica como objetivo terapéutico se justifica por los mecanismos fisiopatológicos de la enfermedad.

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