Factores de riesgo asociados a la artrosis de rodilla: Revisión sistemática de la literatura

Risk factors for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of the literature

Publicado 2023-03-09

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Vol. 32 Núm. 1 (2023)
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Artículos de investigación
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Velasco Castro, J. C., Nossa Rodriguez , P. M. ., Osma García, N. S. ., Vargas Rodríguez, L., & Cely Castro , L. B. . (2023). Factores de riesgo asociados a la artrosis de rodilla: Revisión sistemática de la literatura . Revista Repertorio De Medicina Y Cirugía, 32(1), 38-47. https://doi.org/10.31260/RepertMedCir.01217372.1371
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https://doi.org/10.31260/RepertMedCir.01217372.1371
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Introducción: la osteoartritis de rodilla (OR) se define como una enfermedad crónica, inflamatoria, degenerativa y progresiva, caracterizada por el deterioro del cartílago articular. Tiene manifestaciones clínicas y etiológicas diferentes según el grupo etario y se encuentra asociada con múltiples factores que intervienen en la fisiopatología, entre los que están: edad, raza, sexo, sobrepeso, obesidad y síndrome metabólico. Objetivo: determinar los factores de riesgo que influyen en el proceso degenerativo de la OR en la adultez temprana y tardía. Materiales y métodos: revisión sistemática de la literatura científica en diferentes bases de datos que incluyeron estudios de cohorte, transversales, casos y controles, evaluando los factores de riesgo predisponentes. Resultados: se seleccionaron 50 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios, identificando diferentes factores que afectan el desarrollo o progresión de la OR como las alteraciones metabólicas, sistémicas y estilo de vida que influyen en esta patología, además de factores modificables y no modificables. Conclusión: la OR es una afección de carácter multifactorial, donde la obesidad, la hipertensión arterial (HTA), el índice de masa corporal (IMC) elevado, los niveles altos de LDL, la debilidad muscular e incluso la profesión del paciente, son los principales factores predisponentes para desarrollar o aumentar su progresión.

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