Manejo del cáncer de mama durante el embarazo
The management of breast cancer during pregnancy
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Introducción: el cáncer de mama durante el embarazo es poco frecuente y su incidencia ha aumentado a medida que las mujeres retrasan la maternidad. Objetivo: analizar el manejo del cáncer de mama durante el embarazo. Materiales y métodos: se examinaron las bases electrónicas de datos de literatura científica biomédica para investigar los artículos elegibles en los últimos 15 años, sobre el cáncer de mama en humanos durante el embarazo. Resultados: el diagnóstico de cáncer de mama es un desafío durante el embarazo. El tratamiento debe ajustarse a los protocolos para mujeres no embarazadas disminuyendo los riesgos fetales. La ecografía es el método de imagen ideal, también puede realizarse la mamografía porque la radiación fetal es baja. La mastectomía radical modificada es el tratamiento recomendado durante el primer trimestre. La quimioterapia neoadyuvante o adyuvante puede utilizarse con riesgos fetales mínimos durante el segundo o tercer trimestre. Tanto la radioterapia como la hormonoterapia están contraindicadas. La recurrencia y supervivencia en las pacientes tratadas no se afectan en forma negativa por el embarazo. Conclusión: la incidencia de cáncer de mama asociado con el embarazo ha aumentado. El tratamiento debe intentar seguir las pautas descritas para mujeres no embarazadas, este no parece afectar el pronóstico. El manejo multidisciplinario es obligatorio.
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