Características histopatológicas del carcinoma colorrectal con inestabilidad microsatelital (IMS)

Histopathologic characteristics of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer

El carcinoma colorrectal es una de las neoplasias con mayor incidencia a nivel mundial. Algunos de los tipos de cáncer colorrectal tienen componente hereditario y asociación con defectos en la reparación génica a nivel replicacional por mutaciones en los genes encargados (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 y PMS2) llamándose esto la inestabilidad microsatélite. Esta situación se acompaña de mayor predisposición a desarrollar carcinoma colorrectal y carcinomas extracolónicos que incluyen cáncer de estómago, endometrio, ovarios, tracto urinario, entre otros. Es importante, entonces, evaluar la presencia de la inestabilidad microsatélite a nivel histopatológico conociendo que hay algunos hallazgos que hacen sospechar la presencia de estas alteraciones genéticas, tales como la presencia de linfocitos intraepiteliales, infiltrado inflamatorio Crohn-like, el subtipo histológico y la localización. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar en detalle algunas características de las variables mencionadas, así como de resaltar la importancia de otras variables histopatológicas con impacto pronóstico.

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