Características histopatológicas del carcinoma colorrectal con inestabilidad microsatelital (IMS)

Histopathologic characteristics of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer

Publicado 2020-01-30

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Vol. 29 Núm. 1 (2020): Enero - Abril
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Artículo de revisión
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Baracaldo Ayala, R. L., Peña Carvajalino, L. F., Gómez Rodríguez, O., Nieto, J. F. P., López Correa, P., & Medina, R. P. (2020). Características histopatológicas del carcinoma colorrectal con inestabilidad microsatelital (IMS). Revista Repertorio De Medicina Y Cirugía, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.31260/RepertMedCir.v29.n1.2020.172
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https://doi.org/10.31260/RepertMedCir.v29.n1.2020.172
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Rafael Leonardo Baracaldo Ayala
Fundación Universitaria Ciencias de la Salud
    Laura Felisa Peña Carvajalino
    Fundación Universitaria Ciencias de la Salud
      Omar Gómez Rodríguez
      Fundación Universitaria Ciencias de la Salud
        José Fernando Polo Nieto
        Hospital de San José
          Patricia López Correa
          Fundación Universitaria Ciencias de la Salud
            Rafael Parra Medina
            Fundación Universitaria Ciencias de la Salud
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              El carcinoma colorrectal es una de las neoplasias con mayor incidencia a nivel mundial. Algunos de los tipos de cáncer colorrectal tienen componente hereditario y asociación con defectos en la reparación génica a nivel replicacional por mutaciones en los genes encargados (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 y PMS2) llamándose esto la inestabilidad microsatélite. Esta situación se acompaña de mayor predisposición a desarrollar carcinoma colorrectal y carcinomas extracolónicos que incluyen cáncer de estómago, endometrio, ovarios, tracto urinario, entre otros. Es importante, entonces, evaluar la presencia de la inestabilidad microsatélite a nivel histopatológico conociendo que hay algunos hallazgos que hacen sospechar la presencia de estas alteraciones genéticas, tales como la presencia de linfocitos intraepiteliales, infiltrado inflamatorio Crohn-like, el subtipo histológico y la localización. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar en detalle algunas características de las variables mencionadas, así como de resaltar la importancia de otras variables histopatológicas con impacto pronóstico.

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