Pérdida de derivados sanguíneos: Recomendaciones medicoquirúrgicas para disminuir su uso

Loss of blood derivatives: Medical-surgical recommendations to reduce their use

El uso de los derivados sanguíneos ha venido disminuyendo en la práctica médica dado el aumento de enfermedades transmitidas por las transfusiones y el conocimiento claro de los médicos al considerar la transfusión como un verdadero transplante con todas sus complicaciones. Los cirujanos nos vemos enfrentados a la negativa de algunos pacientes para recibir derivados sanguíneos por convicciones personales o religiosas, como es el caso de los Testigos de Jehová. Existen muchas medidas para disminuir el uso y la pérdida de sangre en cirugía, que abarca desde una buena técnica quirúrgica, pasando por el uso de sustancias que favorezcan el volumen de glóbulos rojos, como la eritropoyetina y el hierro, sustancias antifibrinolíticas como los análogos de la lisina, medidas intraoperatorias para disminuir la pérdida de sangre, como el salvador de células y técnicas anestésicas con el mismo fin. En este artículo se presenta un paciente Testigo de Jehová, manejado con algunas de estas medidas y se hace una revisión sobre las recomendaciones actuales en prácticas transfusionales avanzadas.

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