Correlatos neuroendocrinológicos y cognoscitivos de la anorexia nerviosa
Neuroendocrinological and cognitive correlates of anorexia nervosa
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Los trastornos del comportamiento alimentario son desórdenes cuyos costos económicos, emocionales y físicos son incalculables tanto para el paciente como para su familia, otros significantes y los miembros del equipo de salud. La persona con anorexia nerviosa se caracteriza por presentar una negación a mantener el peso corporal igual o superior al esperado para la edad y la talla (reducción de un 15% o más del peso inicial), fuerte miedo a engordar, incluso estando en infrapeso, distorsión de la imagen corporal o la del peso, dependiendo la autoestima en exceso de su valoración y negando la repercusión del infrapeso en la salud y amenorrea, entre otros. Este artículo es el resultado de una revisión de la literatura reciente, se detiene fundamentalmente en la presentación de los correlatos que a nivel neuroendocrinológico y cognoscitivo se han identificado, llamando la atención en el papel de sustancias como la grhelina y la leptina, hasta las disfunciones cognoscitivas que acompañan el cuadro de anorexia nerviosa. Abreviaturas: AN, anorexia nerviosa; FNDC, factor neurotrófico derivado del cerebro; TEP, tomografia con emisión de positrones; DSM IV, manual diagnóstico de la Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana IV edición.
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