Adherencia al tratamiento anticoagulante: Hospital de San José. Bogotá DC, Colombia
Adherence to anticoagulant treatment: Hospital de San José. Bogotá DC, Colombia
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La anticoagulación requiere monitoreo continuo por el alto riesgo de complicaciones trombóticas y hemorrágicas. El éxito depende en gran medida de la educación del paciente para una adecuada adherencia terapéutica. Objetivo: evaluar esta adherencia en la clínica de anticoagulación del servicio de hematología del Hospital de San José de Bogotá DC (Colombia) durante un período de tres meses. Metodología: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el cual se aplicó la escala ARMS. La puntuación total osciló entre 12 y 48, siendo 12 el nivel perfecto y 48 el peor. Resultados: se aplicó el cuestionario a 106 pacientes. En la evaluación global la puntuación estuvo entre 12 y 26 (promedio: 13.72, DS: 2.19), en la subescala sobre la toma del anticoagulante, entre 8 y 19 (promedio: 9.12, DS: 1.58) y en la subescala según la disponibilidad del medicamento entre 4 y 8 (promedio: 4.60, DS: 1.00). La mejor adherencia se identificó en el ítem 5 (promedio: 1.01, DS: 0.13) y la peor en el ítem 1 (promedio: 1.39, DS: 0.56). El 35% (n= 37) obtuvo una adherencia perfecta. Conclusiones: la adherencia terapéutica global es buena, pero se identificaron barreras relacionadas con el paciente y el suministro del anticoagulante, que justifican el fortalecimiento de la educación al paciente y el desarrollo de estrategias para la entrega oportuna del medicamento.
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