Craneotomía descompresiva en trauma craneoencefálico experiencia en el hospital de San José. Bogotá DC, Colombia

Decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain injury experience in the hospital de San José. Bogotá DC, Colombia

Objetivo: identificar las características clínicas de los pacientes llevados a craneotomía descompresiva como parte del manejo del trauma craneoencefálico. Métodos: serie de casos de enero 2005 a diciembre 2010 del Hospital de San José de Bogotá DC, a quienes se les efectuó el procedimiento. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, género, escala de coma de Glasgow al realizar la craneotomía descompresiva, escala de Marshall, comorbilidades, soporte inotrópico o vasopresor requerido, inducción de  coma barbitúrico  con tiopental,  ventriculostomía externa  para  control de la presión intracraneana antes o al momento  de realizar la craneotomía, uso de catéter yugular ascendente y tipo de craneotomía descompresiva. Conclusión: la valoración al ingreso con escala coma de Glasgow de 3 a 6, asociada con escala de Mar­ shall IV, indican mal pronóstico a pesar de realizar la craneotomía descompresiva en las primeras seis horas postrauma craneoencefálico. Se hace necesario el control riguroso del paciente con esta patología para realizar el diagnóstico y manejo oportunos.

1. Udekwu P, Kromhout-Schiro S, Vaslef S, Baker C, Oller D. Glasgow Coma Sea­ le score, mortality, and functional outcome in head-injured patients. J Trauma 2004;56(5):1084-89.
2. Leibson CL, Brown AW, Ransom JE et al. lncidence of traumatic brain injury across the full disease spectrum: a population-based medica! record review study. Epidemiology. 2011;22(6):836-44.
3. Daga! A, Lam AM. Cerebral blood flow and the injured brain: how should we monitor and manipulate it? Curr Opi□ Anaesthesiol. 2011;24(2):131-37.
4. Bullock MR, Chesnut R, Ghajar J et al. Surgical management of traumatic paren­ chymal lesions. Neurosurgery. 2006;58(3 Suppl):S25-S46.
5. Martín NA, Patwardhan RV, Alexa□der MJ et al. Characterization of cerebral hemodynamic phases following severe head trauma: hypoperfusion, hyperemia, and vasospasm. J Neurosurg. 1997;87(1):9-19.
6. Minardi J, Crocco TJ. Management of traumatic brain injury: first link in chain of survival. Mt Sinai J Med. 2009;76(2): 1 38-44.
7. Thompson HJ, McCormick WC, Kaga□ SH. Traumatic brain injury in older adults: epidemiology, outcomes, and future implications. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54(10):1590-95.
8. Sarkar B, Brunsvold ME, Cherry-Bukoweic JR et al. American college of sur­ geons' committee on trauma performance improvement and patient safety pro­ gram: maximal impact in a mature trauma center. J Trauma. 2011;71(5):1447-54.
9. ToussaintCP, Origitano TC. Decompressive craniectomy. review of indication, outcome, and implication. Neurosurg Q. 2008; 18(1): 45-53.
10. Citerio G, Stocchetti N. Jntracra□ial pressure and outcome in severe trau­ matic brain injury: the quest for evidence continues. lntensive Care Med. 2008;34(7):1173-74.
11. Clark K, Nash TM, Hutchison GC. The failure of circumferential craniotomy in acule traumatic cerebral swelling. J Neurosurg. 1968;29(4):367-71.
12. Cooper DJ, Rosenfeld JV, Murray L et al. Decompressive craniectomy in diffuse traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med.2011 Apr 21;364(16):1493-502.
13. Fourcade O, Fuzier R, Daboussi A, Gigaud M, Tremoulet M, Samii K. [Decom­ pressive craniectomy and intracranial hypertension]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2006;25(8):858-62.
14. Guerra WK, Gaab MR, Dietz H, MuelJer JU, Piek J, Fritsch MJ. Surgical de­ compression for traumatic brain swelling: indications and results. J Neurosurg. J999;90(2):187-96.
15. Cooper DJ, Rosenfeld JV, Murray L et al. Early decompressive craniectomy for patients with severe traumatic brain injury and refractory intracranial hyperten­ sion--a pilot randomized tria!. J Crit Care. 2008;23(3):387-93.
16. Kofke WA, Stiefel M. Monitoring and intraoperative management of eleva­ ted intracranial pressure and decompressive craniectomy. Anesthesiol Clin. 2007;25(3):579-603.
17. Smith M. Monitoring intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injwy. Aneslh Analg. 2008; 106(1):240-48.
18. The Brain Trauma Foundation. The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critica) Care. lndications for intracranial pressure monitoring. J Neurotrauma. 2000; 17(6-7):479-491.
19. Joly LM, Mertes PM. [Monitoring of cerebral oxygenation with SvjO(2) or PtiO(2)]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2006;25(7):748-54.
20. Maas Al, Hukkelhoven CW, Marshall LF, Steyerberg EW. Prediction of oulcorne in traumatic brain injury with computed tomographic characteristics: a comparison between the computed tomographic classification and combinations of computed tomographic predictors. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(6): 1173-82.
21. Poca MA, Sahuquillo J, Yilalta A, Garnacha A. Lack of utility of arteriojugular venous differences of lactate as a reliable indicator of increased brain anaerobic metabolism in traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg. 2007;106(4):530-37.
22. Gupta AK, Hutchinson PJ, AI-Rawi P et al. Measuring brain tissue oxygenation compared with jugular venous oxygen saturation for monitoring cerebral oxygenation after traumatic brain injury. Anesth Analg. l 999;88(3):549-53.
23. Chieregato A, Caizolari F, Trasforini G, Targa L, Latronico N. Normal jugular bulb oxygen saturation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74(6):784-86.
24. Radolovich DK, Czosnyka M, Timofeev I et al. Transient changes in brain tissue oxygen in response to modifications of cerebral perfusion pressure: an observational study. Anesth Analg. 2010;1 I0(i): 165-73.
25. Radolovich DK, Czosnyka M, Timofeev I et al. Transient changes in brain tissue oxygen in response to modifications of cerebral perfusion pressure: an observational study. Anesth Analg. 20l0; I 10(1): 165-73.
26. Takahashi C, Okudera H, Origasa H et al. A simple and useful coma scale for patients with neurologic emergencies: the Emergency Coma Scale. Am J Emerg Med. 2011 ;29(2): 196-202.
27. Zaloshnja E, Miller T, Langlois JA, Selassie AW. Prevalence of long-term disability from traumatic brain injury in the civilian population of the United States, 2005. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2008;23(6):394-400.
28. Colombia. Ministerio de Salud. Resolución nº 008430 de 1993(4 de octubre de l 993)Por la cual se establecen las normas científicas, técnicas y administrativas para lainvestigación en salud.
29. CIOMS. Pautas Éticas Internacionales para la Investigación Biomédica en Seres Humanos. Ginebra: OMS;2002.
30. Marmarou A. The patbophysiology of brain edema and elevated intracranial pressure. Cleve Ciin J Med. 2004;71 Suppl I :S6-S8.
31. Fourcade O, Fuzier R, Daboussi A, Gigaud M,Trémoulet M,Samii K. Craniectomie décompressive et hypertension intracr§.niennc. Decompressive craniectomy and intracranial hypertension. Ann franestbreanim. 2006 Aug; 25(8): 858-62.
32. Clark K, Nash TM, Hutchison GC. The failure of circumferential craniotomy in acule traumatic cerebral swelling. J Neurosurg. l 968;29(4):367-71.
33. Ahmadi SA, Meier U, Lemcke J. Detailed long-term outcome analysis after decompressive craniectomy far severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 20 I 0;24(13-14): 1539-49.
34. Winter CD, Adamides A, Rosenfeld JV. Tbe role of decompressive craniectomy in themanagement of traumatic brain injury: a critica) review. J ClinNeurosci. 2005 Aug; 12(6):619-23.
35. Rangel-Castilla L, Gopinath S, Robertson CS. Management of intracranial hypertension. Neurol Ciin. 2008;26(2):52 l-41.
36. Clark K, Nash TM, Hutchison GC. The failure of circumferential craniotomy in acule traumatic cerebral swelling. J Neurosurg. 1968;29(4):367-71.