Factores de riesgo en infección y colonización por Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido

Risk factors in extenoeo-spectrum betalactamase producing Escherichia coli ano Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and colonization

Las betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) son enzimas producidas por bacterias Gram negativas, que tienen la capacidad de destruir el anillo betalactámico de las cefalosporinas de tercera generación, permitiendo a la bacteria continuar con el entrecruzamiento del peptidoglicano y con la formación de pared celular sin alteraciones. Descritas en los años ochenta su diseminación y aumento en la incidencia en todos los continentes ha llevado al incremento de la morbilidad y mortalidad de los pacientes, prolongación de los días de estancia hospitalaria, mayor demanda de uso de carbapenémicos e incremento de los costos de la atención en salud. Predecir el patrón de resistencia del microorganismo que infecta a un paciente con base en el análisis de los factores de riesgo asociados permite la óptima elección de la antibioticoterapia empírica, racionalizando el uso de los antibióticos de amplio espectro disponibles y mejorando la sobrevida de los pacientes. Para esta revisión se realizó una búsqueda de los estudios de casos y controles en los cuales se investigaron los factores de riesgo asociados con infección o colonización por bacterias productoras de BLEE a saber: exposición previa a antibióticos, estancia en UCI, uso de catéter vesical, catéter central o ventilación mecánica.

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