Factores de riesgo en infección y colonización por Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido
Risk factors in extenoeo-spectrum betalactamase producing Escherichia coli ano Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and colonization
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Jiménez, A., & Carrero Forero, G. (2013). Factores de riesgo en infección y colonización por Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido. Revista Repertorio De Medicina Y Cirugía, 22(1), 10–20. https://doi.org/10.31260/RepertMedCir.v22.n1.2013.843
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Las betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) son enzimas producidas por bacterias Gram negativas, que tienen la capacidad de destruir el anillo betalactámico de las cefalosporinas de tercera generación, permitiendo a la bacteria continuar con el entrecruzamiento del peptidoglicano y con la formación de pared celular sin alteraciones. Descritas en los años ochenta su diseminación y aumento en la incidencia en todos los continentes ha llevado al incremento de la morbilidad y mortalidad de los pacientes, prolongación de los días de estancia hospitalaria, mayor demanda de uso de carbapenémicos e incremento de los costos de la atención en salud. Predecir el patrón de resistencia del microorganismo que infecta a un paciente con base en el análisis de los factores de riesgo asociados permite la óptima elección de la antibioticoterapia empírica, racionalizando el uso de los antibióticos de amplio espectro disponibles y mejorando la sobrevida de los pacientes. Para esta revisión se realizó una búsqueda de los estudios de casos y controles en los cuales se investigaron los factores de riesgo asociados con infección o colonización por bacterias productoras de BLEE a saber: exposición previa a antibióticos, estancia en UCI, uso de catéter vesical, catéter central o ventilación mecánica.
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Referencias
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2. Schwaber MJ, Navon-Venezia S, Kaye KS, Ben-Ami R, Schwartz D, Carmeli Y. Clinical and economic impact of bacteremia with extended- spectrum-beta Iactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50: 1257-62.
3. Paterson DL, Bonomo RA. Extended-spectrum beta-Iactamases: a clinical up date. Clin Microbio! Rev. 2005; 18:657-86.
4. Bush K, Jacoby GA. Updated functional classification of beta-lactamases. Anti microb Agents Chemother. 20 I 0;54:969-76.
5. Gunseren F, Marnikoglu L, Ozturk S, et al. A surveillance study of antimicrobial resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated frorn intensive care units in eighl hospitals in Turkey. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1999;43:373-8.
6. Hanberger H, Garcia-Rodriguez JA, Gobernado M, Goossens H, Nilsson LE, Struelens MJ. Antibiotic susceptibility among aerobic gram-negative bacilli in intensive care units in 5 European countries. French and Portuguese !CU Study Groups. JAMA. 1999;281:67-71.
7. Albertini MT, Benoit C, Berardi L, et al. Surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Enterobacteriaceae producing extended spectrurn beta-Iaclamase (ESBLE) in Northem France: a five-year multicentre incidence study. J Hosp Infect. 2002;52: 107-13.
8. Jacoby GA, Medeiros AA, O'Brien TF, Pinto ME, Jiang H. Broad-spectrum, transmissible beta-lactamases. N Engl J Med. I 988;319:723-4.
9. Moland ES, Black JA, Ourada J, Reisbig MD, Hanson ND, Thomson KS. Occu rrence of newer beta-lactamáses in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 24 U.S. hospitals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002;46:3837-42.
10. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance S. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Report, data summary from January 1992 to June 2002, issued August 2002. Am J Infect Control. 2002;30:458-75.
11. Bell JM, Tumidge JD, Gales AC, Pfaller MA, Jones RN, Sentry ASG. Preva lence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing clinical isolates in the Asia-Pacific region and South Africa: regional results from SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1998-99). Diagn Microbio! Infect Dis. 2002;42:193-8.
12. Lewis MT, Yamaguchi K, Biedenbach DJ, Jones RN. ln vitro evaluation of ce fepime and other broad-spectrum beta-lactams in 22 medica! centers in Japan: a phase II tria! comparing two annual organism samples. The Japan Antimicrobial Resistance Study Group. Diagn Microbio! lnfect Dis. 1999;35:307-15.
13. Yamaguchi K, Mathai D, Biedenbach DJ, Lewis MT, Gales AC, Jones RN. Evaluation of the in vitro activity of six broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicro bial agents tested against over 2,000 clinical isolates from 22 medica] centers in Japan. Japan Antimicrobial Resistance Study Group. Diagn Microbio) Infect Dis. 1999;34:123-34.
14. Winokur PL, Canton R, Casellas JM, Legakis N. Variations in the prevalence of strains expressing an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase phenotype and charac terization of isolates from Europe, the Americas, and the Western Pacific region. Clin lnfect Dis. 2001;32 Suppl 2:S94-103.
15. Mendes C, Hsiung A, Kiffer C, et al. Evaluation of the in vitro activity of 9 antimicrobials against bacteria! strains isolated from patients in intensive care units in brazil: MYSTIC Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. Braz J lnfect Dis. 2000;4:236-44.
16. Miranda MC, Perez F, Zuluaga T, et al. [Antimicrobial resistance in gram nega tive bacteria isolated from intensive care units of Colombian hospitals, WHO NET 2003, 2004 and 2005]. Biomedica. 2006;26:424-33.
17. Otman J, Cavassin ED, Perugini ME, Vidotto MC. An outbreak of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella species in a neonatal intensive care unir in Brazil. lnfect Control Hosp Epidemiol. United States; 2002:8-9.
18. Pfaller MA, Jones RN, Doern GV. Multicenter evaluation of the antimicrobial activity for six broad-spectrum beta lactams in Venezuela: comparison of data from 1997 and 1998 using the Etest method. Venezuelan Antimicrobial Resis tance Study Group. Diagn Microbiol lnfect Dis.1999;35:153-8.
19. Sader HS, Jones RN, Gales AC, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for pathogens isolated from patients in Latin American medica! centers with a diag nosis of pneurnonia: analysis of results from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveil lance Program (] 997). SENTRY Latin America Study Group. Diagn Microbio! Infect Dis. 1998;32:289-301.
20. Sader HS, Gales AC, Granacher TD, Pfaller MA, Jones RN, Group SS. Preva lence of antimicrobial resistance among respiratory tract isolates in Latin Amer ica: results from SENTRY antimicrobialsurveillance program (1997-98). Braz J Infect Dis. 2000;4:245-54.
21. Villegas MV, Correa A, Perez F, et al. Prevalence and characterization of ex tended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates from Colombian hospitals. Diagn Microbiol lnfect Dis. 2004;49:217-22.
22. Espinal P, Garza-Ramos U, Reyna F, et al. ldentification of SHV-type and CTX M-12 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in multiresistant Enterobac teriaceae from Colombian Caribbean hospitals. J Chemother. 2010;22:160-4.
23. Tumbarello M, Spanu T, Sanguinetti M, et al. llloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: risk factors, molecular epidemiology, and clinical outcome. Antimicrob Agents Che mother. 2006;50:498-504.
24. Superti SV, Augusti G, Zavascki AP. Risk factors for and mortality of exten ded-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escheri chia coli nosocornial bloodstream infections. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2009;51:211-6.
25. Cordery RJ, Roberts CH, Cooper SJ, Bellinghan G, Shetty N. Evaluation of risk factors for the acquisition of bloodstream infections with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species in the intensive care unit; antibiotic management and clinical outcome. J Hosp lnfect. 2008;68:108-15.
26. Chenoweth CE, Saint S. Urinary tract infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2011;25:103-15.
27. Saint S, Chenoweth CE. Biofilms and catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2003;17:411-32.
28. Warren JW, Darnron D, Tenney JH, Hoopes JM, Deforge B, Muncie HL, Jr. Fever, bacteremia, and death as complications of bacteriuria in women with long term urethral catheters. J Infect Dis. 1987;155:l 151-8.
29. Classen DC, Larsen RA, Burke JP, Stevens LE. Prevention of catheter associated bacteriuria: clinical tria] of methods to block three known pathways of infection. Am J lnfect Control. 1991;19:136-42.
30. Garibaldi RA, Burke JP, Britt MR, Miller MA, Smith CB. Meatal colonization and catheter-associated bacteriuria. N Engl J Med. l 980;303:316-8.
31. Hartstein Al, Garber SB, Ward TI, Jones SR, Morthland VH. Nosocomial uri nary tract infection: a prospective evaluation of 108 catheterized patients. Infect Control. 1981;2:380-6.
32. Kunin CM, McCormack RC. Prevention of catheter-induced urinary-tract infec tions by sterile closed drainage. N Engl J Med. 1966;274:1155-61.
33. Hooton TM, Bradley SF, Cardenas DD, et al. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary traer infection in adults: 2009 Internatio nal Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin lnfect Dis. 2010;50:625-63.
34. Maki DG, Tambyah PA. Engineering out the risk for infection with urinary catheters. Emerg lnfect Dis. 2001;7:342-7.
35. Huth TS, Burke JP, Larsen RA, Classen DC, Stevens LE. Randomized tria! of meatal care with silver sulfadiazine cream for the prevention of catheter-associa ted bacteriuria. J Infect Dis. 1992;165:14-8.
36. Platt R, Polk BF, Murdock B, Rosner B. Risk factors for nosocomial urinary tract infection. Arn J Epidemiol. 1986;124:977-85.
37. Anderson DJ, Kirkland KB, Kaye KS, et al. Underresourced hospital infection control and prevention programs: penny wise, pound foolish? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28:767-73.
38. Jarvis WR. Selected aspects of the socioeconomic impact of nosocomial infec tions: morbidity, mortality, cost, and prevention. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1996;17:552-7.
39. Stone PW, Braccia D, Larson E. Systematic review of economic analyses of health care-associated infections. Am J Infect Control. 2005;33:501-9.
40. Edwards JR, Peterson KD, Andrus ML, et al. National Healthcare Safety Net work (NHSN) Report, data summary for 2006 through 2007, issued November 2008. Am J Infect Control. 2008;36:609-26.
41. Maki DG, Cobb L, Garman JK, Shapiro JM, Ringer M, Helgerson RB. An attachable silver-impregnated cuff for prevention of infection with cen_tral venous catheters: a prospective randomized multicenter trial. Am J Med. 1988:85:307-14.
42. Weber DJ, Rutala WA. Central line-associated bloodstream infections: preven tion and management. lnfect Dis Clin North Am. 2011;25:77-102.
43. Baker AM, Meredith JW, Haponik EF. Pneumonia in intubated trauma patients. Microbiology and outcomes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;153:343-9.
44. Craig CP, Connelly S. Effect of intensive care unit nosocomial pneumonia on duration of stay and mortality. Am J Jnfect Control. 1984;12:233-8.
45. Cunnion KM, Weber DJ, Broadhead WE, Hanson LC, Pieper CF, Rutala WA. Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia: comparing adult critical-care popula tions. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;153:158-62.
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