Asfixia perinatal

Perinatal asphyxia

Contenido principal del artículo

Dolly Alexandra García
Héctor Romero
Alejandro Emilio Colmenares

Resumen

Se revisa la literatura sobre asfixia perinatal debido a que no existe un consenso sobre su definición. La fisiopatológica actual no es operativa en la clínica, en donde se han barajado distintos criterios, como son: alteraciones de la frecuencia cardíaca fetal, presencia de líquido amniótico meconial, acidosis metabólica, bajas puntuaciones del Apgar y signos clínicos de lesión cerebral posasfictica. Se analiza y se adopta la descrita por la Asociación Americana de Ginecología y Obstetricia (ACOG) y su par de pediatría (AAP). Así mismo se revisan las complicaciones posasficticas en los recién nacidos y se discute la pertinencia del manejo, teniendo en cuenta la alta incidencia en países en vías de desarrollo y las nuevas terapéuticas que conducen a mitigar los daños que genera.

Palabras clave:

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Detalles del artículo

Referencias

1 González de DJ. [Definition of perinatal asphyxia in medica! literature: the need of a consensus]. Rev Neurol. 2002 Oct 1;35(7):628-34.
2 McGuire W. Perinatal asphyxia. Clin Evid (Online). 2007 Nov 7;2007
3 Hill A, Volpe JJ. Perinatal asphyxia: clinical aspects. Clin Perinatol. 1989 Jun;16(2):435-57.
4 Levene ML, Kornberg J, Williams TH. The incidence and severity of post-as­ phyxial encephalopathy in full-term infants. Early Hum Dev. 1985 May;11(1):21- 6.
5 Delivoria-Papadopoulos M, Marro PJ. Biochemical basis of hypoxic-Ischemic encephalopathy. NeoReviews. 2010 Apr 1;l 1(4):el84-el 93.
6 Jonsson M, Norden SL, Hanson U. Analysis of malpractice claims with a focus on oxytocin use in labour. Acta Obste! Gynecol Scand. 2007;86(3):315-9.
7 Berglund S, Grunewald C, Pcttcrsson H, Cnattingius S. Risk factors for asphyx­ ia associated with substandard care during labor. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2010;89(1):39-48.
8 Badawi N, Kurinczuk JJ, Keogh JM, Alessandri LM, O'Sullivan F, Burton PR, et al. Antepartum risk factors for newborn encephalopathy: the Western Australian case-control study. BMJ. 1998 Dec 5;317(7172):1549-53.
9 Milsom I, Ladfors L, Thiringer K, Niklasson A, Odeback A, Thornberg E. In­ fluence of maternal, obstetric and fetal risk factors on the prevalence of birth asphyxia at term in a Swedish urban population. Acta Obste! Gynecol Scand. 2002 Oct;81(10):909-l 7.
10 Gorovenko NG, Rossokha Zl, Podolskaya SV, Pokhylko VI, Lundberg GA. The role of genetic determinan! in the development of severe perinatal asphyxia. Tsi­ tol Genet. 20 lO Sep;44(5):4l-6.
11 Blickstein 1, Green T. Umbilical cord blood gases. Clin Perinatol. 2007 Sep;34(3):45l-9.
12 Wayenberg JL. Threshold ofmetabolicacidosis associated withneonatal encepha­ lopathy in the term newbom. J Matero Fetal Neonatal Med. 2005 Dec;18(6):381-5.
13 Low JA, Lindsay BG, Derrick EJ. Threshold of metabolic acidosis associated with newbom complications. Am J Obste! Gynecol. 1997 Dec;177(6):139 J-4.
14 [Multicenter clinical study on umbilical cord arterial blood gas param­ eters for diagnosis of neonatal asphyxia]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2010 Sep;48(9):668-73.
15 Gazzolo D, Abella R, Marinoni E, di IR, Li VG, Galvano F, et al. New markers of neonatal neurology. J Matem Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009;22 Suppl 3:57-61.
16 Rarnaswamy V, Horton J, Vandermeer B, Buscemi N, Miller S, Yager J. Sys­ tematic review of biomarkers of brain injury in term neonatal encephalopathy. Pediatr Neurol 2009 Mar;40(3):2l 5-26. Routsi C, Stamataki E, Nanas S, Psachoulia C, Stathopoulos A, Koroneos A, et al. Increased levels of serum SI00B protein in criticallyill patientswithout brain injury. Shock. 2006 Jul;26(1):20-4.
18 Monda) N, Bhat BV, Banupriya C, Koner BC. Oxidative stress in perinatal as­ phyxia in relation to outcome. lndian J Pediatr. 20!0 May;77(5):515-7.
19 Martin-Ancel A, Garcia-Alix A, Gaya F, Cabanas F, Burgueros M, Quero J. Mul­ tiple organ involvement in perinatal asphyxia. J Pediatr. 1995 Nov;l27(5):786- 93.
20 Shah P, Riphagen S, Beyene J, Perlman M.Multiorgan dysfunction in infants with post-asphyxial hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2004 Mar;89(2):F152-F155.
21 Linnik MD, Zobrist RH, Hatfield MD. Evidencesupportinga role for programmed cell death in focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Stroke. 1993 Dec;24(12):2002-8.
22 Zanelli SA, Numagami Y, McGowan JE, Mishra OP, Delivoria-Papadopoulos M. NMDA receptor-mediated calcium influx in cerebral cortical synaptosomes of the hypoxic guinea pig fetus.Neurochem Res. 1999 Mar;24(3):437-46.
23 Huang Z, Huang PL, Panahian N, Dalkara T, Fishman MC, Moskowitz MA. Effects of cerebral ischemia in mice deficient in neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Science. 1994 Sep 23;265(5180):1883-5.
24 Nicholson DW, Thornberry NA. Caspases: killer proteases. Trends Biochem Sci. 1997 Aug;22(8):299-306.
25 Jajoo D, Kumar A, Shankar R, Bhargava V. Effect of birth asphyxia on serum calcium levels in neonates. lndian J Pediatr. 1995 Jul;62(4):455-9.
26 Basu P, Som S, Das H, Choudhuri N. Electrolyte status in birth asphyxia. Indian J Pediatr. 2010 Mar;77(3):259-62.
27 Aggarwal R, Upadhyay M, Deora. ri AK, Paul VK. Hypocalcemia in the newborn. Indian J Pediatr. 2001 Oct;68(10):973-5.
28 Simovic AM, Knezevic J, Igrutinovic Z, Stojanovic N, Kocic S. [Cardiac tropo­ nin as biochemical marker of perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic myocardial injury]. Vojnosanit Pregl. 2009 Nov;66(11):881-6.
29 Lin LX, Mao QH, Zhang ZL, An CX, Kang XG. [Plasma levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB in neo­ nates with asphyxia complicated by myocardial injury]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi.2010 Apr;l 2(4):252-5.
30 Rajakumar PS, Vishnu BB, Sridhar MG, Balachander J, Konar BC, Narayanan P, et al. Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes in perinatal asphyxia. lndian J Pediatr. 2009 Mar;76(3):261-4.
31 Rowe RD, Hoffman T. Transient myocardial ischemia of the newbom infant: a form of severe cardiorespiratory distress in full-term infants. J Pediatr. 1972 Aug;81(2):243-50.
32 Lapointe A, Barrington KJ. Pulrnonary hypertension and the asphyxiated new­ bom.J Pediatr.2011 Feb;l 58(2 Suppl):el 9-e24.
33 Leone TA, Finer NN. Shock: a common consequence of neonatal asphyxia. J Pediatr. 2011 Feb;l58(2 Suppl):e9-12.
34 Tarcan A, Tiker F, Guvenir H, Gurakan B. Hepatic involvement in perinatal as­ phyxia.J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2007 May;20(5):407-10.
35 Fischler B, Pettersson M, Hjem A, Nemeth A. Association between low Apgar score and neonatal cholestasis. Acta Paediatr.2004 Mar;93(3):368-7 l.
36 Durkan AM, Alexander RT. Acute kidney injury post neonatal asphyxia.J Pedia­ tr.2011 Feb;I58(2 Suppl):e29-e33.
37 Gupta BD, Sbarma P, Bagla J, Parakh M, Soni JP. Renal failure in asphyxiated neonates. lndian Pediatr. 2005 Sep;42(9):928-34.
38 Chevalier RL, Campbell F, Brenbridge AN.Prognostic factors in neonatal acute renal failure.Pediatrics. 1984 Aug;74(2):265-72.
39 Kaur S, Jain S, Saha A, Chawla D, Parmar VR, Basu S, et al. Evaluation of glomerular and tubular renal function in neonates with birth asphyxia. Ann Trop Paediatr. 2011;31(2):129-34.
40 Moake JL. Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome: basic science. Lancet. 1994 Feb 12;343(8894):393-7.
41 Biran V, Fau S, Jama! T, Veinberg F, Renolleau S, Gold F, et al. Perinatal as­ phyxia may present with features of neonatal atypical hemolytic uremic syndro­ me. Pediatr Nephrol. 2007 Dec;22(12):2129-32.
42 Levi M, de JE, Meijers J. Toe diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagula­ tion. Blood Rev.2002 Dec;16(4):217-23.
43 Salhab WA, Wyckoff MH, Laptook AR, Perlman JM. Inicial hypoglycemia and neonatal brain injury in term infants with severe fetal acidemia. Pediatrics. 2004 Aug;114(2):361-6.
44 Basu P, Som S, Choudhuri N, Das H.Contribution of the blood glucose leve! in perinatal asphyxia. Eur J Pediatr. 2009 Jul;168(7):833-8.
45 Shankaran S, Laptook AR, Ehrenkranz RA, Tyson JE, McDonald SA, Donovan EF, et al.Whole-body hypothermia for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encepha­ lopathy. N Engl J Med. 2005 Oct 13;353(15):1574-84.
46 Burden AD, Krafchik BR. Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn: a review of 11 cases. Pediatr Dermatol.1999 Sep;l6(5):384-7.
47 van BF, Shadid M, Moison_RM, Dorrepaal CA, Fontijn J, Monteiro L, et al. Effect of allopurinol on postasphyxial free radical formation, cerebral hemody­ narnics, and electrical brain activity.Pediatrics. 1998 Feb;l 01(2):185-93.
48 Levene MI, Gibson NA, Fenton AC, Papathoma E, Bamett D. The use of a calcium-channel blocker, nicardipine, for severely asphyxiated newbom infants. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1990 Jul;32(7):567-74.
49 Donn SM, Goldstein GW, Schork MA. Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalo­ pathy: current management practices. J Perinatol. 1988;8(1):49-52.
50 Hunt R, Osbom D. Dopamine for prevention of morbidity and mortality in term newborn infants with suspected perinatalasphyxia.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(3):CD003484.
51 Ichiba H, Tamai H, Negishi H, Ueda T, Kim TJ, Sumida Y, et al.Randomized controlled tria! of magnesium sulfate infusion for severe birth asphyxia.Pediatr Int. 2002 Oct;44(5):505-9.
52 Davis PO, Tan A, O'Donnell CP, Schulze A.Resuscitation of newborn infants with 100% oxygen or air: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2004 Oct 9;364(9442):1329-33.
53 Kattwinkel J, Perlman JM, Aziz K, Colby C, Fairchild K, Gallagher J, et al. Part 15: neonatal resuscitation: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Car­ diopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2010 Nov 2;122(18 Suppl 3):S909-S919.
54 Jones G, Steketee RW, Black RE, Bhutta ZA, Morris SS.How many child deaths can we prevent this year? Lancet. 2003 Jul 5;362(9377):65-71.
55 Stuart A, Otterblad OP, Kallen K. Apgar seores at 5 minutes after birth in relation to school performance at 16 years of age. Obstet Gynecol.2011 Aug;l 18(2 Pt 1):201-8.
56 WESTIN B, MILLER JA, Jr., NYBERG R, WEDENBERG E. Neonatal as­ phyxia pallida treated with hypothermia alone or with hypothermia and transfu­ sion of oxygenated blood. Surgery.1959 May;45(5):868-79.
57 Shah PS. Hypothermia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 201O Oct;15(5):238-46. Nelson KB, Chang T, Ghadini A.Comment and reply on: Neonatal asphyxia and forensic medicine. J Matero Fetal Neonatal Med.201I Apr;24(4):652-3.
59 Locatelli A, lncerti M, Ghidini A, Greco M, Villa E, Paterlini G. Factors associ­ ated with umbilical artery acidemia in term infants with low Apgar seores at 5 min. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008 Aug;139(2):146-50.

Citado por