Varicela congénita

Congenital varicella syndrome

La infección por virus de varicela zóster (VVZ) durante el embarazo se engloba en el espectro de infecciones STORCH (acrónimo de sífilis, toxoplasmosis, otros, rubéola, citomegalovirus y herpes virus), debido a su potencial teratogénico y sus posibles repercusiones en el bienestar fetal. A pesar de que solo 2% de las pacientes con infección por VVZ en el embarazo tendrán fetos con síndrome congénito de varicela, su alta morbimortalidad hace necesario conocer posibles formas de prevención. En nuestro caso, una madre de 27 años da a luz un neonato con múltiples malformaciones óseas y lesiones cutáneas típicas, asociadas con malformaciones cardiacas y calcificaciones viscerales evidenciadas por imagenología. Ante la comprobación clínica y paraclínica de la infección, se diagnosticó síndrome congénito de varicela. El paciente presentó una evolución tórpida desde el nacimiento, con neumonía multirresistente, enterocolitis necrotizante y rápido deterioro de su patrón respiratorio con posterior fallecimiento. En la actualidad la vacunación y el uso de inmunoglobulina posexposición son los principales aliados para la prevención de este síndrome en recién nacidos. 

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