Nursing care to reduce infections by opportunistic microorganisms in oncology patients

Cuidados de enfermería para reducir infecciones por microorganismos oportunistas en pacientes oncológicos

Introduction: infections caused by opportunistic microorganisms (OM) or opportunistic infections (OI) are an important source of morbidity and mortality in oncology patients and are attributed to factors related with specific procedures in health care. Alterations of the immune system, antimicrobial multidrug resistance, febrile neutropenia and impaired skin integrity are the most influential factors. Objective: to describe the main interventions and strategies to reduce OI in oncology patients. Methodology: integrative review of the literature. Articles in Spanish, English and Portuguese indexed in the MeSH and DeCS thesauri in the CINAHL, Nursing Ovid, Clinicalkey databases; the academic Google meta-search engine and the PubMed interface, were included. Results: 56 studies were reviewed and organized into three topics: risk factors associated with the development of OI in cancer patients, infections by OM and nursing care. These topics were grouped into subtopics such as: education, standard barrier and pharmacological measures, nutrition, IV catheter care, oral cavity, skin and emotional aspects. Discussion: factors influencing non-adherence of healthcare providers were found to be related with their attitude, social context, health system and characteristics of clinical practice guidelines. Conclusion: we describe the intervention and prevention strategies which allow a significant reduction in morbimortality in oncology patients.

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