Celiac disease: a diagnostic challenge in Colombia

Enfermedad celíaca: un reto diagnóstico en Colombia

Introduction: celiac disease (CD) is a systemic diet-gluten-immune-mediated enteropathy occurring in genetically susceptible individuals featuring a broad range of clinical manifestations, a specific serological response and variable intestinal mucosal damage. Objective: to review CD pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and prognosis, highlighting the importance of awareness about this disorder and development of a diagnostic algorithm for Colombian population. Materials and methods: scientific literature critical review in the Medline databases and PUBMED, SCIENCE DIRECT, SCIELO specific search engines, using filters to retrieve systematic reviews, metanalyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials and guidelines, finding 1209 articles, prioritizing 53. Results and discussion: the prevalence of CD is increasing in developing countries. Diagnosis is based on 3 fundamental pillars: identification of higher-risk populations or suspicion based on clinical manifestations, serological profile of specific antibodies and characteristic histological findings. Treatment is based on a gluten-free diet, early detection of complications and nutritional alterations management. Conclusion: there are no CD diagnosis and treatment protocols, nor clear regulations on labelling gluten-free products, in Colombia. Establishing strategies to impact the natural course of CD, associated morbidities and quality of life, is required.

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