Emphysematous (xanthogranulomatous) pyelonephritis in a young girl with renal lithiasis

Pielonefritis enfisematosa (xantogranulomatosa) en niña con litiasis renal

Introduction: we report a clinical case of right kidney emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) in a 4-year-old girl with a 2.9 cm renal pelvic calculus. Few cases of EPN have been published, most of them occurring in adults with diabetes mellitus. Discussion: the presence of hydronephrosis detected by a renal ultrasound and a painful crepitant mass in the right flank upon palpation, arose suspicion of this rare disease. The patient underwent an emergency right nephroureterectomy following stabilization of her clinical status. The postoperative course was satisfactory.

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