Metabolic syndrome and its relationship with gut microbiota

Síndrome metabólico y su relación con la microbiota intestinal

Introduction: metabolic syndrome is one of the top public health problems nowadays, considered a global epidemic. It is the product of the interaction of inflammation processes and insulin resistance. Objective: to update the knowledge about the role of intestinal microbiota on the development of metabolic syndrome. Method: a non-systematic bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct, EMBASE, LILACS and Redalyc databases. The inclusion criteria included publications in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, in which the title and keywords included information relevant to the research objective, with a 10-year periodicity, obtaining 50 articles out of which 30 were selected. Results: the 30 articles featured continuity of correspondence with the review topic, and included 1 expert consensus, 25 narrative and documentary reviews, 1 original research, 2 books and 1 prospective study. Discussion: gut microbiota plays a significant role in gut homeostasis maintenance, providing energy and nutrients, as well as protection against pathogens colonization. A disruption in gut microbiota composition and activity is known as dysbiosis and is implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple chronic diseases, raising cardiovascular risk in the context of metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: a personalized dietary pattern modification, stands out among the prevention and treatment strategies for metabolic syndrome. A low-fat, rich in vegetables, high-fiber and whole grains diet is also recommended. The use of prebiotics and probiotics confer a health benefit on the host through gut microbiota modulation.

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