Types of treatments for native-valve endocarditis due to candida parapsilosis

Heterogeneidad del tratamiento para cándida parapsilosis en endocarditis micótica de válvula nativa

Nosocomial Candida infections have increased in the last decades particularly in the intensive care units (ICU) due to the rise in broad-spectrum antibiotics usage and invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures usage. Today, Candida species are recognized as the fourth causative organisms of endovascular infection in the United States of America posing a high risk of endocarditis, thrombosis and septic embolization to the central nervous system (CNS). Endocarditis due to Candida species is associated with a poor prognosis because of the increased risk of CNS involvement for which surgical approach has been recommended as the cornerstone of therapy. We hereby report a patient with endocarditis and candidemia due to candida parapsilosis, who received medical management.

1. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, Clancy CJ, Marr KA, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2016;62(4):e1-50. Epub 2015/12/19.
2. Pasha AK, Lee JZ, Low S-W, Desai H, Lee KS, Al Mohajer M. Fungal Endocarditis: Update on Diagnosis and Management. Amer J Med. 2016;129(10):1037-43. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. amjmed.2016.05.012
3. de Bedout C, Gómez BL. Candida y candidiasis invasora: un reto continuo para su diagnóstico temprano. Infectio. 2010;14(S2):159- 71.
4. Leon C, Ruiz-Santana S, Saavedra P, Almirante B, Nolla-Salas J, Alvarez-Lerma F, et al. A bedside scoring system ("Candida score") for early antifungal treatment in nonneutropenic critically ill patients with Candida colonization. Critical care medicine. 2006;34(3):730-7. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000202208.37364.7D
5. Leroy G, Lambiotte F, Thevenin D, Lemaire C, Parmentier E, Devos P, et al. Evaluation of "Candida score" in critically ill patients: a prospective, multicenter, observational, cohort study. Annals of intensive care. 2011;1(1):50. Epub 2011/12/02. doi: 10.1186/2110-5820-1-50
6. Dhakal BP, Tribble CG, Bergin JD, Winfrey S, Carter WH. Recurrent candida prosthetic endocarditis over fifteen years managed with medical therapy and four valvular surgeries: a case report and review of literature. Journal of cardiothoracic surgery. 2015;10:105. doi: 10.1186/s13019-015-0309-7.
7. Steinbach WJ, Perfect JR, Cabell CH, Fowler VG, Corey GR, Li JS, et al. A meta-analysis of medical versus surgical therapy for Candida endocarditis. Journal of Infection. 2005;51(3):230-47. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2004.10.016
8. Ellis ME, Al-Abdely H, Sandridge A, Greer W, Ventura W. Fungal Endocarditis: Evidence in the World Literature, 1965–1995. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2001;32(1):50-62. doi: https://doi. org/10.1086/317550
9. Nguyen MH, Nguyen ML, Yu VL, McMahon D, Keys TF, Amidi
10. M. Candida prosthetic valve endocarditis: prospective study of six cases and review of the literature. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 1996;22(2):262-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/317550.
11. Shih CJ, Chu H, Chao PW, Lee YJ, Kuo SC, Li SY, et al. Long- term clinical outcome of major adverse cardiac events in survivors of infective endocarditis: a nationwide population- based study. Circulation. 2014;130(19):1684-91. doi: 10.1161/ CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012717.