Self-care of the adult post-kidney transplant Autocuidado del adulto post-trasplante renal

Abstract

This research describes the socio-demographic characteristics and self-care requirements of the adult post-renal transplant patient, based on Dorothea Orem's nursing model and provides elements for the design and preparation of future educational programs. The methodology used was quantitative with a cross-sectional descriptive design. The sample includes 57 patients transplanted in the E.S.E. Clinic San Pedro Claver of Bogotá D.C. (ISS). The results showed a population with an average age of 42 years, mostly female, married, with a primary and secondary education, belong to a low socio-economic stratum, coming from the urban area, with multiple unsatisfied basic needs. Regarding the universal self-care requirements, 23% do not have the necessary income to acquire food, 30% consume a normal diet and 25% practice high-risk sports. There is poor social interaction and a high percentage does not have elements of personal protection and accident prevention. Regarding the self-care requirements of the development, it was found that they have high self-esteem, good family dynamics, sexual activity preserved almost always without protection and with a development according to their life cycle. Regarding the attitude towards the alteration of their state of health, 17% have some type of disability, 2% do not know the post-transplant care, 21% do not recognize the symptoms of graft rejection and 3.5% do not attend the unit when it presents complications.