Incidence and risk factors of contrast-induced nephropathy in interventional cardiology procedures
Incidencia y factores de riesgo asociados con nefropatía inducida por medios de contraste en procedimientos intervencionistas de cardiología
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Abstract
Introduction: contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is the acute kidney injury following diagnostic or interventional procedures. It is the third cause of hospital-acquired acute renal insufficiency. This research intended to establish the risk factors for developing CIN in hospitalized patients undergoing coronary angiography at Hospital de San José of Bogotá, during a 3-year period. Methods: a retrospective study in a cohort of CIN patients following contrast exposure and prophylactic strategies as hydration, sodium bicarbonate or N-acetylcysteine. Patients seen between 2014 and 2016 were included. CIN is defined as an elevation of serum creatinine of 0.5 mg/dL or by 25% from baseline within the first 72 hours after contrast administration. Of 495 patients, 15 were excluded for prior hemodialysis. Stata 13 was used for clinical data recording and multivariate statistical analysis. Results: in 480 patients CIN incidence was 13.1%; a hemoglobin value greater than 13 gr/dL showed to be a protective factor for CIN in men: 0.29 (p=0.004). The presence of risk factors as baseline creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/dL OR: 2.56 (IC 95: 1.35-4.85; p=0.004), and chronic renal insufficiency and diabetes mellitus OR: 2.73 (IC 95: 1.25 – 5.95; p=0,005) increased CIN prevalence. Other factors such as age, cardiac dysfunction, volume of contrast agent used, prior acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the use of nephron-protective strategies showed no significant association. CIN-related mortality was 9.5% and hemodialysis-related mortality was 2.5%. Conclusions: the incidence of CIN was associated with an increase in mortality; contributing risk factors were baseline creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/dL, pre-existent chronic renal insufficiency and diabetes mellitus. A normal hemoglobin value showed to be a protective factor in men.
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