Riesgo de caídas e incidencia de delirio en pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de ortopedia

Fall risk and incidence of delirium in hospitalized orthopedic patients

Introducción: el riesgo de caídas y de lesiones relacionadas, así como el de presentar delirio, representan un problema de salud pública en constante aumento, en especial en sociedades con una población que envejece. Objetivo: el propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el nivel de riesgo de caídas, previo a cirugía de cadera o rodilla, y la frecuencia de desarrollar delirio después de las intervenciones quirúrgicas. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional, analítico de corte transversal en el que se encuestaron pacientes hospitalizados en la Clínica de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Novi-Sad, Serbia, entre el inicio de diciembre de 2022 y fin de enero de 2023.

Resultados: del número total de pacientes (N = 106), la mayoría (61.3%) tenían más de 70 años, de los cuales la mayor parte eran de sexo femenino (N = 80 (75.5%). El porcentaje más alto de los que respondieron la encuesta fueron categorizados en nivel II de riesgo de caída (73.6%), mientras que se clasificó como nivel I y III a 14 pacientes en cada uno de dichos niveles (13.2%). Los resultados del puntaje 4AT evidenciaron que en la mayoría de los pacientes (N = 50 47.2%) la probabilidad de presentar delirio o deterioro cognitivo fue baja, con posibles deterioro cognitivo en 40 (37.7%) y delirio en 16 (15.1%).

Conclusión: los pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de ortopedia de la Clínica de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología del Centro Clínico Universitario tenían riesgo de caída nivel II, con baja probabilidad de presentar deterioro cognitivo o delirio en el postoperatorio.

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