Inestabilidad anterior de la rodilla: utilidad del artrómetro KT 1000

Anterior instability of the knee: usefulness of the KT 1000 arthrometer

La articulación laxa cursa con aumento de los arcos de movimiento, pero ante una demasiado laxa se corre el riesgo de luxación o subluxación. En la rodilla la estabilidad pasiva está dada por varios factores, entre los cuales figuran los complejos ligamentarios; de ellos el ligamento cruzado anterior que es estabilizador anterior y rotacional es el que con mayor frecuencia se lesiona. Su falla funcional ocasiona inestabilidad anterolateral que se asocia a mediano y largo plazo con artrosis y otras lesiones. La prueba de Lachman tiene alta sensibilidad y especificidad para el diagnóstico clínico, pero no ha demostrado ser útil para el control y seguimiento dado que su cuantificación es subjetiva. En la década de los ochenta aparecen equipos que pretenden cuantificar la estabilidad de la rodilla, como el KT 1000 ( MedMetric, San Diego, CA, USA). Este dispositivo es delicado, presenta alta variabilidad interobservador e interprueba, y los resultados reflejan la laxitud articular pero deben interpretarse con prudencia. Es una herramienta válida y útil en la valoración y seguimiento de la inestabilidad anterior de rodilla.

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