Convulsión febril simple

Simple febrile seizure

La crisis febril simple está relacionada con una gran variedad de patologías que cursan con fiebre. Su manejo amerita un enfoque claro para prevenir complicaciones, evitar el riesgo de recurrencias, optimizar los recursos y lograr una adecuada orientación de los padres. Se revisa la literatura sobre convulsión febril simple, debido a que pese a la exacta definición de ésta, sus criterios diagnósticos y tratamiento en el servicio de urgencias aun dan lugar a controversias. Es necesario unificar conceptos y actualizarlos, para disminuir el diagnóstico equivocado que conlleva a errores terapéuticos. Abreviaturas: CF (S), convulsión (es) febril (es) (simples).

1. Izquierdo Bello A, Correa NL, Bolaños CE, Forero FA, Naranjo AR. Protocolo para el estudio y manejo de las crisis febriles PRECOP. CCAP. 2011;10(1):37-41.

2. Ochoa-Sangrador C, Gonzalez de Dios J. [Consistency of clinical practice with the scientific evidence in the management of febrile seizures]. Rev Neurol. 2006;43(2):67-73.

3. Jones T, Jacobsen SJ. Childhood febrile seizures: overview and implications. Int J Med Sci. 2007;4(2):110-4.

4. Rufo Campos M. Protocolos diagnóstico terapéuticos de la AEP (neurología pediátrica): crisis febriles. [monografía en Internet]. Madrid: AEP; 2008 [citado 9 Jul 2014]. Disponible en: http://www.aeped.es/sites/default/files/documentos/8cfebriles.pdf

5. Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management, Subcommittee on Febrile Seizures American Academy of Pediatrics. Febrile seizures: clinical practice guideline for the long-term management of the child with simple febrile seizures. Pediatrics. 2008;121(6):1281-6.

6. Monteny M, Berger MY, van der Wouden JC, Broekman BJ, Koes BW. Triage of febrile children at a GP cooperative: determinants of a consultation. Br J Gen Pract. 2008; 58(549):242-7.

7. Naveed-ur- R, Billoo AG. Association between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizures. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2005;15(6):338-40.

8. Marcy M, Rogers R, Mackowiak PA. High fevers as a cause of central nervous system sequelae. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22(3):294-5.

9. Barone SR, Kaplan MH, Krilov LR. Human herpesvirus-6 infection in children with first febrile seizures. J Pediatr. 1995;127(1):95-7.

10. Chiu SS, Tse CY, Lau YL, Peiris M. Influenza A infection is an important cause of febrile seizures. Pediatrics. 2001;108(4):E63.

11. Casasbuenas OL, Velez A. Guía de manejo para crisis febriles. Rev Méd Sanitas. 2009;12(4):56-8.

12. Guidelines for epidemiologic studies on epilepsy. Commission on Epidemiology and Prognosis, International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1993;34(4):592-6.

13. Verity CM. Do seizures damage the brain?. The epidemiological evidence. Arch Dis Child. 1998;78(1):78-84.

14. Ripoll Lozano A, Santos Borbujo J. Convulsiones febriles. Protocolo diagnóstico-terapéutico. Bol Pediatr. 2000;40:68-71.

15. American Academy of Pediatrics Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management. Classifying recommendations for clinical practice guidelines. Pediatrics. 2004;114(3):874-7.

16. Hampers LC, Spina LA. Evaluation and management of pediatric febrile seizures in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2011;29(1):83-93.

17. Koyama R, Matsuki N. Novel etiological and therapeutic strategies for neurodiseases: mechanisms and consequences of febrile seizures: lessons from animal models. J Pharmacol Sci. 2010;113(1):14-22.

18. Berg AT, Shinnar S, Darefsky AS, Holford TR, Shapiro ED, Salomon ME, et al. Predictors of recurrent febrile seizures. A prospective cohort study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997;151(4):371-8.

19. Davis RL, Barlow W. Placing the risk of seizures with pediatric vaccines in a clinical context. Paediatr Drugs. 2003;5(11):717-22.

20. Golnik A. Pneumococcal meningitis presenting with a simple febrile seizure and negative blood-culture result. Pediatrics. 2007;120(2):e428-31.

21. Millar JS. Evaluation and treatment of the child with febrile seizure. Am Fam Physician. 2006;73(10):1761-4.

22. Nieto Barrera M, Nieto Jiménez M, Nieto Jiménez E. Convulsión febril. Pediatr Integr. 2007;11(9):753-8.

23. Ishimine P. Fever without source in children 0 to 36 months of age. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2006;53(2):167-94.

24. Hoption Cann SA. Febrile seizures in young children: role of fluid intake and conservation. Med Sci Monit. 2007;13(9):RA159-67.

25. Haslam R. Convulsiones en la infancia. En: Kliegman, Robert M, editor. Nelson tratado de Pediatría. Madrid: Interamericana McGraw-Hill; 1997. p. 2102-4.

26. McClelland S, Dube CM, Yang J, Baram TZ. Epileptogenesis after prolonged febrile seizures: mechanisms, biomarkers and therapeutic opportunities. Neurosci Lett. 2011;497(3):155-62.

27. Takano T, Sakaue Y, Sokoda T, Sawai C, Akabori S, Maruo Y, et al. Seizure susceptibility due to antihistamines in febrile seizures. Pediatr Neurol. 2010;42(4):277-9.

28. Vestergaard M, Christensen J. Register-based studies on febrile seizures in Denmark. Brain Dev. 2009;31(5):372-7.

29. O’Leary MF, Chappell JD, Stratton CW, Cronin RM, Taylor MB, Tang YW. Complex febrile seizures followed by complete recovery in an infant with hightiter 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48(10):3803-5.

30. Shinnar S, O’Dell C. Febrile seizures. Pediatr Ann. 2004;33(6):394-401.

31. Rojas de Recalde L, Montiel de Doldán ME, Sostoa G, Aldana A, Lezcano M. Convulsión febril. Pediatr (Asunción). 2011;38(1):63-7.

32. Subcommittee on Febrile Seizures; American Academy of Pediatrics. Neurodiagnostic evaluation of the child with a simple febrile seizure. Pediatrics. 2011;127(2):389-94.

33. Kimia AA, Capraro AJ, Hummel D, Johnston P, Harper MB. Utility of lumbar puncture for first simple febrile seizure among children 6 to 18 months of age. Pediatrics. 2009;123(1):6-12.

34. Capovilla G, Mastrangelo M, Romeo A, Vigevano F. Recommendations for the management of “febrile seizures”: Ad Hoc Task Force of LICE Guidelines Commission. Epilepsia. 2009;50 Suppl 1:2-6.

35. Waruiru C, Appleton R. Febrile seizures: an update. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89(8):751-6.

36. Baumann RJ. Prevention and management of febrile seizures. Paediatr Drugs. 2001;3(8):585-92.

37. Wolf SM, Carr A, Davis DC, Davidson S, Dale EP, Forsythe A, et al. The value of phenobarbital in the child who has had a single febrile seizure: a controlled prospective study. Pediatrics. 1977;59(3):378-85.

38. Prasad AN, Seshia SS. Status epilepticus in pediatric practice: neonate to adolescent. Adv Neurol. 2006;97:229-43.

39. Antony JH, Hawke SH. Phenobarbital compared with carbamazepine in prevention of recurrent febrile convulsions. A double-blind study. Am J Dis Child. 1983;137(9):892-5.

40. Knudsen FU, Vestermark S. Prophylactic diazepam or phenobarbitone in febrile convulsions: a prospective, controlled study. Arch Dis Child. 1978;53(8):660-3.

41. Lee K, Melchior JC. Sodium valproate versus phenobarbital in the prophylactic treatment of febrile convulsions in childhood. Eur J Pediatr. 1981;137(2):151-3.

42. Camfield P, Camfield C, Gordon K, Dooley J. What types of epilepsy are preceded by febrile seizures? A population-based study of children. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1994; 36(10):887-92.

43. Bacon CJ, Hierons AM, Mucklow JC, Webb JK, Rawlins MD, Weightman D. Placebo-controlled study of phenobarbitone and phenytoin in the prophylaxis of febrile convulsions. Lancet. 1981;2(8247):600-4.

44. Melchior JC, Buchthal F, Lennox-Buchthal M. The ineffectiveness of diphenylhydantoin in preventing febrile convulsions in the age of greatest risk, under three years. Epilepsia. 1971;12(1):55-62.

45. Wallace SJ, Smith JA. Successful prophylaxis against febrile convulsions with valproic acid or phenobarbitone. Br Med J. 1980;280(6211):353-4.

46. Mamelle N, Mamelle JC, Plasse JC, Revol M, Gilly R. Prevention of recurrent febrile convulsions--a randomized therapeutic assay: sodium valproate, phenobarbital and placebo. Neuropediatrics. 1984;15(1):37-42.

47. Ngwane E, Bower B. Continuous sodium valproate or phenobarbitone in the prevention of ‘simple’ febrile convulsions. Comparison by a double-blind trial. Arch Dis Child.1980;55(3):171-4.

48. Rosman NP, Colton T, Labazzo J, Gilbert PL, Gardella NB, Kaye EM, et al. A controlled trial of diazepam administered during febrile illnesses to prevent recurrence of febrile seizures. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(2):79-84.

49. Verrotti A, Latini G, di Corcia G, Giannuzzi R, Salladini C, Trotta D, et al. Intermittent oral diazepam prophylaxis in febrile convulsions: its effectiveness for febrile seizure recurrence. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2004;8(3):131-4.

50. Offringa M, Moyer VA. Evidence based paediatrics: Evidence based management of seizures associated with fever. Br Med J. 2001;323(7321):1111-4.

51. Pellock JM, Shinnar S. Respiratory adverse events associated with diazepam rectal gel. Neurology. 2005;64(10):1768-70.

52. Camfield CS, Chaplin S, Doyle AB, Shapiro SH, Cummings C, Camfield PR. Side effects of phenobarbital in toddlers; behavioral and cognitive aspects. J Pediatr. 1979;95(3):361-5.

53. Chang YC, Guo NW, Huang CC, Wang ST, Tsai JJ. Neurocognitive attention and behavior outcome of school-age children with a history of febrile convulsions: a population study. Epilepsia. 2000;41(4):412-20.