Ablación endometrial: Tipos, técnicas y evidencias de su utilidad. revisión de la literatura

Endometrial ablation: Types, techniques and evidences of its usefulness. literature review

La ablación endometrial se introdujo como alternativa a la histerectomía en el manejo de la menorragia, problema muy común e incapacitante, con afectación en la calidad de vida de las mujeres en edad reproductiva. Consiste en remover o destruir todo el espesor del endometrio, con el fin de lograr la oligo o amenorrea. Se han descrito dos generaciones de técnicas: las de primera generación eliminan el espesor completo del endometrio bajo visualización directa con un instrumental electroquirúrgico. Las de segunda generación dependen de un dispositivo que se inserta en la cavidad uterina y libera energía térmica para destruir el endometrio. Aunque son procedimientos conocidos a nivel mundial, en nuestro país existen pocos estudios y la técnica no ha sido muy difundida. Se realiza la revisión de la literatura acerca del estado del arte de las técnicas de ablación endometrial, con una explicación, indicaciones, complicaciones y ventajas. Se plantean estrategias para futuros estudios que puedan ser de utilidad en la práctica de los servicios de ginecología en Colombia.

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