Prevalencia de las manifestaciones neuropsiquiátricas en lupus eritematoso sistémico

Prevalence of neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus

Introducción: las manifestaciones neuropsiquiátricas son frecuentes en el lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) y han tomado mayor interés debido a la creciente prevalencia. La clínica es de difícil reconocimiento por la presentación diversa y variable. Este estudio se enfocó en resaltar el patrón de participación de dichas manifestaciones en LES para identificar y abordar de manera oportuna la enfermedad. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de las manifestaciones neuropsiquiátricas en individuos mayores de 18 años con LES. Materiales y métodos: revisión sistemática de la literatura científica en diferentes bases de datos, seleccionando los estudios transversales y de prevalencias que evaluaran las manifestaciones neuropsiquiátricas del LES. Resultados: se eligieron 26 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión siendo las manifestaciones más comunes la cefalea, convulsiones, alteración cognitiva, depresión y ansiedad. Las menos frecuentes fueron miastenia grave, síndrome de Miller Fisher, mononeuritis múltiple y pérdida de la concentración. Conclusión: las manifestaciones estudiadas tienen una prevalencia elevada en toda la población, tanto las neurológicas como las psiquiátricas y no siempre las reconoce el clínico faltando el diagnóstico oportuno para determinar si son causadas por la actividad lúpica en el sistema nervioso o corresponden a otras disrupciones orgánicas.

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