Caracterización de la población pediátrica con labio y/o paladar hendido en un hospital regional del sur colombiano
Characterization of pediatric patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate in a regional hospital in southern Colombia
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Introducción: el labio hendido (LH), el paladar hendido (PH) o su presentación conjunta (LPH) son un grupo de defectos congénitos originados por un trastorno en la fusión de tejidos embrionarios. Objetivo: caracterizar la población pediátrica con labio y/o paladar hendido. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo observacional retrospectivo transversal durante 2022 en un hospital regional. Resultados: se incluyeron 42 pacientes, de predominio mujeres, la mayoría no sindrómicos, dos fallecieron por malformaciones congénitas y tres con detección molecular (variante en NOTCH1, microdeleción en Xq26.32 y 4q32.3-q34.3). El diagnóstico fue posnatal (95%). El tipo de hendidura más frecuente fue el LPH unilateral izquierdo. La distribución por sexo para LPH fue mayores en hombres y PH en mujeres, mientras que el LH fue igual para ambos sexos. Los factores encontrados fueron consumo de alcohol (2%), exposición a pesticidas (12%) y antecedentes familiares de fisuras orofaciales (13%). La edad promedio del inicio quirúrgico fue 18 meses, el principal primer procedimiento fue la queiloplastia (24%), con promedio de 2 intervenciones quirúrgicas, el 33% presentaron complicaciones. Discusión: la mayoría de los casos fueron no sindrómicos, lo cual se correlaciona con el componente epigenético de esta entidad, la frecuencia de los tipos de lesiones y su distribución por sexo se diferencian de la epidemiologia reportada. Conclusión: se recomienda evaluar los controles prenatales de la zona y optimizar la edad de inicio de la corrección quirúrgica.
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