Phospholipases A2: Large families and mechanisms of action
Fosfolipasas A2: Grandes familias y mecanismos de acción
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Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) constitute a diverse group of enzymes with respect to sequence, function, location and requirement by divalent cations. They play an important role in a variety of cellular processes, including the digestion and metabolism of phospholipids, as well as the production of precursors for inflammatory reactions. These enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of sn-2 position of membrane glycerophospholipids to release arachidonic acid (AA), a precursor of eicosanoids. The same reaction also produces lysophospholipids, which represent another class of lipid mediators. In addition, several surface receptors have been identified, such as PLA2R1. We will review the current knowledge of the properties and functions of this ubiquitous and diverse family group and the recent evidence of the fundamental activity that PLA2 plays in the pathobiological field. Abbreviations: PLA2, phospholipases A2.
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