Fosfolipasas A2: Grandes familias y mecanismos de acción

Phospholipases A2: Large families and mechanisms of action

Las fosfolipasas A2 (PLA2) constituyen un diverso grupo de enzimas con respecto a secuencia, función, localización y requerimiento por cationes divalentes. Ellas juegan rol importante en una variedad de procesos celulares, incluyendo la digestión y metabolismo de fosfolípidos, así como la producción de precursores para reacciones inflamatorias. Estas enzimas catalizan la hidrólisis de sn-2 posición de glicerofosfolípidos membranales para liberar ácido araquidónico (AA), un precursor de eicosanoides. La misma reacción también produce lisofosfolípidos, los cuales representan otra clase de mediadores lipídicos. Además, varios receptores de superficie han sido identificados, como PLA2R1. Revisaremos el conocimiento actual de las propiedades y funciones de este ubicuo y diverso grupo familiar y la evidencia reciente de la actividad fundamental que PLA2 juega en el campo patobiológico. Abreviaturas: PLA2, fosfolipasas A2.

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