Sarcopenia versus Cachexia
Sarcopenia versus Caquexia
Article Sidebar
PDF (Español (España))
FLIP
How to Cite
Bermúdez, M., Becerra, R., & Galvis, J. C. (2015). Sarcopenia versus Cachexia. Journal of Medicine and Surgery Repertoire, 24(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.31260/RepertMedCir.v24.n1.2015.645
Section
Review Articles
License terms
Main Article Content
Abstract
Chronic diseases and age are associated with deterioration of nutritional status, loss of mass, muscle strength, alteration in quality of life and increase in morbidity and mortality. The definition and criteria to differentiate cachexia from sarcopenia are reviewed. It is important to investigate the factors associated with loss of fat reserves and muscle tissue in both situations, to develop therapeutic and preventive strategies in healthy adults and with pathologies. The European consensus (2010) on alterations in muscle mass determined the criteria for differentiating cachexia and sarcopenia. The first was considered a late and inevitable complication of different chronic pathologies. Recent clinical and experimental evidence indicates that the mechanisms involved in its appearance operate early and suggest appropriate interventions that could prevent or delay the onset of this syndrome.
Keywords:
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Article Details
References
1. Muscaritoli M, Anker SD, Argilés J, Aversa Z, Bauer JM, Biolo G, et al. Consensus definition of sarcopenia, cachexia and pre-cachexia: Joint document elaborated by Special Interest Groups (SIG) ‘’cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases’’ and ‘’nutrition in geriatrics’’. Clin Nutr. 2010 Apr; 29(2):154-9.
2. Argilés JM, Busquets S, López Soriano FJ, Figueras M. Fisiologia de la sarcopenia. Similitudes y diferencias con la caquexia neoplasica. Nutr Hosp. 2006;21(Supl 3):38-45.
3. Schneider SM, Al-Jaouni R, Pivot X, Braulio VB, Rampal P, Hebuterne X. Lack of adaptation to severe malnutrition in elderly patients. Clin Nutr. 2002;21(6):499-504.
4. Chandra RK. Nutrition, immunity and infection: present knowledge and future directions. Lancet. 1983; 1(8326 Pt 1):688-91.
5. Wallace JI, Schwartz RS, LaCroix AZ, Uhlmann RF, Pearlman RA. Involuntary weight loss in older outpatients: incidence and clinical significance. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995;43(4):329-37.
6. Goodwin JS, Goodwin JM, Garry PJ. Assocication between nutritional status and cognition in a healthy elderly population. JAMA. 1983;249(21):2917-21.
7. Braun JV, Wykle MH, Cowling WR 3rd. Failure to thrive in older persons: a concept derived. Gerontologist. 1988;28(6):809-12.
8. Morley JE, Silver AJ. Anorexia in the enderly. Aging. 1998;9(1):9-16.
9. Doehner W, Anker SD. Cardiac cachexia in early literature: a review of research prior to Medline. Int J Cardiol. 2002;85(1):7-14.
10. Rolland Y, Abellan van Kan G, Gillette-Guyonnet S, Vellas B. Cachexia versus sarcopenia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2011 Jan; 14(1):15-21.
11. Ize Lamache L. ¿Por qué no come el abuelo? Sarcopenia o anorexia. Nutr. Clín. 2003;6(1):53-7.
12. Burgos Peláez R. Global therapeutica approach to sarcopenia. Nutr Hosp. 2006;21(3):51-60.
13. Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Ross R. Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(5): 889-96.
14. Evans WJ. What is sarcopenia?. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1995;50:5-8.
15. Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Gallagher D, Romero L, Heymsfield SB, Ross RR, et al. Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;147(8): 755-63.
16. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age and Aging 2010; 39:412-23.
17. Rosenberg I. Summary comments. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50:1231-3.
18. Roubenoff R. Origins and clinical relevance of sarcopenia. Can J Appl Physiol. 2001;26(1):78-89.
19. Serra Rexach JA. Consecuencias clínicas de la sarcopenia. Nutr Hosp. 2006;21(3):46-50.
20. Thompson DD. Envejecimiento y sarcopenia. Rev Metab Óseo y Min. 2011;9(4):140-1.
21. Burgos Peláez R. Sarcopenia en ancianos. Endocrinol Nutr. 2006;52:335-45.
22. Kamel HK. Sarcopenia and aging. Nutr Rev. 2003;61(157):167.
23. Becerra Urrego R, Galvis Rincón JC. Perfil hormonal del envejecimiento muscular. Repert Med Cir. 2011; 20(4): 217-24.
24. Masanés Torán F, Navarro López M, Sacanella Meseguer E, López Soto A. ¿Qué es la sarcopenia?. Semin Fund Esp Reumatol. 2010;11(1):14-23.
25. Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Pieper CF, Leveille SG, Markides KS, Ostir GV, et al. Lower extremity function and subsequent disability: consistency across studies, predictive models, and value of gait speed alone compared with the short physical performance battery. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000;55(4):M221-31.
26. Evans WJ, Morley JE, Argilés J, Bales C, Baracos V, Guttridge D, et al. Cachexia: a new definition. Clin Nutr. 2008;27(6):793-9.
27. Milke Garcia P, Rivera Flores R. Sindrome de anorexia-caquexia. Rev Gatroenterol Méx. 2010;75 (supl. 2): 205-7.
28. Springer J, von Haehling S, Anker SD. The need for a standardized definition for cachexia in chronic illness. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2006;2:416-7.
29. Wolfe RR. Control of muscle protein breakdwon: effects of activity and nutritional states . Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2001;11(supl.):S164-9.
30. Fearon KC, Voss AC, Hustead DS; Cancer Cachexia Study Group. Definition of cancer cachexia: effect of weight loss, reduced food intake and systemic inflammation on functional status and prognosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83:1345-50.
31. Anker SD, Coats AJ. Cachexia in heart failure is bad for you. Eur Heart J. 1998;19:191-3.
32. Mulligan K, Tai VW, Schambelan M. Cross-sectional and longitudinal evaluation of body composition in men with HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1997;15(1):43-8.
33. Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kopple JD. Obesity paradox in patients on maintenance dialysis. Contrib Nephrol. 2006;151:57-69.
34. Martínez Roque V, Silencio Barrita, JL. Valoración del estado de nutrición en el paciente con cáncer. Cancerología. 2007;2:315-26.
35. Mézquita Ortiz JF, Arreola Viera MA, Bastarrachea Sosa RA. Fisiopatología de la caquexia. Med Int Mex. 2002;18(2):93-101.
36. Tisdale MJ. Cachexia in cancer patients. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002;2:862-71.
37. Ockenga J, Valentini L. Review article: anorexia and cachexia in gastrointestinal cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;22:583-94.
38. Strasser F. Pathophysiology of the anorexia/cachexia syndrome. In: Doyle D, Hanks G, Cherny NI, editors. Oxford textbook of palliative medicine. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University; 2004. p. 520-33
39. Davis MP, Dickerson D. Cachexia and Anorexia: cancer’s covert killer. Support Care Cancer. 2000;8:180-7.
40. Cereceda G Luis. Mecanismos de la Caquexia. Rev Med Clin Condes. 2007;18(4):349-55.
41. Kotler DP. Cachexia. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:622-34.
42. Glover EI, Phillips SM. Resistance exercise and appropriate nutrition to counteract muscle wasting and promote muscle hypertrophy. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2010;13:630-4.
43. Cardinale M, Wakeling J. Whole body vibration exercise: are vibrations good for you?. Br J Sports Med. 2005 Apr 25;39:585-9.
44. Sakkas GK, Schambelan M, Mulligan K. Can the use of creatine supplementation attenuate muscle loss in cachexia and wasting?. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009;12:623-7.
45. Silvério R, Laviano A, Rossi Fanelli F, Seelaender M. L-carnitine and cancer cachexia: Clinical and experimental aspects. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2011 Jan 26;2:37-44.
46. Evangeliou A, Vlassopoulos D. Carnitine metabolism and deficit - when supplementation is necessary?. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2003;4:211-9.
47. Laviano A, Meguid MM, Guijarro A, Muscaritoli M, Cascino A, Preziosa I, et al. Antimyopathic effects of carnitine and nicotine. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2006;9:442-8.
48. Brass EP. Supplemental carnitine and exercise. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72:618S-23S.
49. Akashi YJ, Springer J, Anker SD. Cachexia in chronic heart failure: prognostic implications and novel therapeutic approaches. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2005;2:198-203.
50. Nagaya N, Moriya J, Yasumura Y, Uematsu M, Ono F, Shimizu W. Effects of ghrelin administration on left ventricular function, exercise capacity, and muscle wasting in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation. 2004;110:3674-9.
51. Akamizu T, Kangawa K. Ghrelin for cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2010;1:169-76.
2. Argilés JM, Busquets S, López Soriano FJ, Figueras M. Fisiologia de la sarcopenia. Similitudes y diferencias con la caquexia neoplasica. Nutr Hosp. 2006;21(Supl 3):38-45.
3. Schneider SM, Al-Jaouni R, Pivot X, Braulio VB, Rampal P, Hebuterne X. Lack of adaptation to severe malnutrition in elderly patients. Clin Nutr. 2002;21(6):499-504.
4. Chandra RK. Nutrition, immunity and infection: present knowledge and future directions. Lancet. 1983; 1(8326 Pt 1):688-91.
5. Wallace JI, Schwartz RS, LaCroix AZ, Uhlmann RF, Pearlman RA. Involuntary weight loss in older outpatients: incidence and clinical significance. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995;43(4):329-37.
6. Goodwin JS, Goodwin JM, Garry PJ. Assocication between nutritional status and cognition in a healthy elderly population. JAMA. 1983;249(21):2917-21.
7. Braun JV, Wykle MH, Cowling WR 3rd. Failure to thrive in older persons: a concept derived. Gerontologist. 1988;28(6):809-12.
8. Morley JE, Silver AJ. Anorexia in the enderly. Aging. 1998;9(1):9-16.
9. Doehner W, Anker SD. Cardiac cachexia in early literature: a review of research prior to Medline. Int J Cardiol. 2002;85(1):7-14.
10. Rolland Y, Abellan van Kan G, Gillette-Guyonnet S, Vellas B. Cachexia versus sarcopenia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2011 Jan; 14(1):15-21.
11. Ize Lamache L. ¿Por qué no come el abuelo? Sarcopenia o anorexia. Nutr. Clín. 2003;6(1):53-7.
12. Burgos Peláez R. Global therapeutica approach to sarcopenia. Nutr Hosp. 2006;21(3):51-60.
13. Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Ross R. Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(5): 889-96.
14. Evans WJ. What is sarcopenia?. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1995;50:5-8.
15. Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Gallagher D, Romero L, Heymsfield SB, Ross RR, et al. Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;147(8): 755-63.
16. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age and Aging 2010; 39:412-23.
17. Rosenberg I. Summary comments. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50:1231-3.
18. Roubenoff R. Origins and clinical relevance of sarcopenia. Can J Appl Physiol. 2001;26(1):78-89.
19. Serra Rexach JA. Consecuencias clínicas de la sarcopenia. Nutr Hosp. 2006;21(3):46-50.
20. Thompson DD. Envejecimiento y sarcopenia. Rev Metab Óseo y Min. 2011;9(4):140-1.
21. Burgos Peláez R. Sarcopenia en ancianos. Endocrinol Nutr. 2006;52:335-45.
22. Kamel HK. Sarcopenia and aging. Nutr Rev. 2003;61(157):167.
23. Becerra Urrego R, Galvis Rincón JC. Perfil hormonal del envejecimiento muscular. Repert Med Cir. 2011; 20(4): 217-24.
24. Masanés Torán F, Navarro López M, Sacanella Meseguer E, López Soto A. ¿Qué es la sarcopenia?. Semin Fund Esp Reumatol. 2010;11(1):14-23.
25. Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Pieper CF, Leveille SG, Markides KS, Ostir GV, et al. Lower extremity function and subsequent disability: consistency across studies, predictive models, and value of gait speed alone compared with the short physical performance battery. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000;55(4):M221-31.
26. Evans WJ, Morley JE, Argilés J, Bales C, Baracos V, Guttridge D, et al. Cachexia: a new definition. Clin Nutr. 2008;27(6):793-9.
27. Milke Garcia P, Rivera Flores R. Sindrome de anorexia-caquexia. Rev Gatroenterol Méx. 2010;75 (supl. 2): 205-7.
28. Springer J, von Haehling S, Anker SD. The need for a standardized definition for cachexia in chronic illness. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2006;2:416-7.
29. Wolfe RR. Control of muscle protein breakdwon: effects of activity and nutritional states . Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2001;11(supl.):S164-9.
30. Fearon KC, Voss AC, Hustead DS; Cancer Cachexia Study Group. Definition of cancer cachexia: effect of weight loss, reduced food intake and systemic inflammation on functional status and prognosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83:1345-50.
31. Anker SD, Coats AJ. Cachexia in heart failure is bad for you. Eur Heart J. 1998;19:191-3.
32. Mulligan K, Tai VW, Schambelan M. Cross-sectional and longitudinal evaluation of body composition in men with HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1997;15(1):43-8.
33. Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kopple JD. Obesity paradox in patients on maintenance dialysis. Contrib Nephrol. 2006;151:57-69.
34. Martínez Roque V, Silencio Barrita, JL. Valoración del estado de nutrición en el paciente con cáncer. Cancerología. 2007;2:315-26.
35. Mézquita Ortiz JF, Arreola Viera MA, Bastarrachea Sosa RA. Fisiopatología de la caquexia. Med Int Mex. 2002;18(2):93-101.
36. Tisdale MJ. Cachexia in cancer patients. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002;2:862-71.
37. Ockenga J, Valentini L. Review article: anorexia and cachexia in gastrointestinal cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;22:583-94.
38. Strasser F. Pathophysiology of the anorexia/cachexia syndrome. In: Doyle D, Hanks G, Cherny NI, editors. Oxford textbook of palliative medicine. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University; 2004. p. 520-33
39. Davis MP, Dickerson D. Cachexia and Anorexia: cancer’s covert killer. Support Care Cancer. 2000;8:180-7.
40. Cereceda G Luis. Mecanismos de la Caquexia. Rev Med Clin Condes. 2007;18(4):349-55.
41. Kotler DP. Cachexia. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:622-34.
42. Glover EI, Phillips SM. Resistance exercise and appropriate nutrition to counteract muscle wasting and promote muscle hypertrophy. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2010;13:630-4.
43. Cardinale M, Wakeling J. Whole body vibration exercise: are vibrations good for you?. Br J Sports Med. 2005 Apr 25;39:585-9.
44. Sakkas GK, Schambelan M, Mulligan K. Can the use of creatine supplementation attenuate muscle loss in cachexia and wasting?. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009;12:623-7.
45. Silvério R, Laviano A, Rossi Fanelli F, Seelaender M. L-carnitine and cancer cachexia: Clinical and experimental aspects. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2011 Jan 26;2:37-44.
46. Evangeliou A, Vlassopoulos D. Carnitine metabolism and deficit - when supplementation is necessary?. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2003;4:211-9.
47. Laviano A, Meguid MM, Guijarro A, Muscaritoli M, Cascino A, Preziosa I, et al. Antimyopathic effects of carnitine and nicotine. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2006;9:442-8.
48. Brass EP. Supplemental carnitine and exercise. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72:618S-23S.
49. Akashi YJ, Springer J, Anker SD. Cachexia in chronic heart failure: prognostic implications and novel therapeutic approaches. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2005;2:198-203.
50. Nagaya N, Moriya J, Yasumura Y, Uematsu M, Ono F, Shimizu W. Effects of ghrelin administration on left ventricular function, exercise capacity, and muscle wasting in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation. 2004;110:3674-9.
51. Akamizu T, Kangawa K. Ghrelin for cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2010;1:169-76.
Citado por
