Leptina, obesidad y enfermedades cardiovasculares
Leptin, obesity and cardiovascular diseases
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La obesidad está asociada con el síndrome metabólico, la hipertensión, la aterosclerosis y las enfermedades del corazón. El tejido adiposo funciona como un órgano endocrino al secretar múltiples proteínas inmunomoduladoras conocidas como adipocinas, que pueden actuar en forma directa sobre órganos cercanos o remotos. La búsqueda de las funciones de las diferentes adipocinas ha permitido establecer la relación entre obesidad y enfermedades cardiovasculares. La primera conduce a mayor expresión de algunas adipocinas proinflamatorias y disminución de otras antiinflamatorias, dando como resultado el desarrollo de un estado inflamatorio crónico de bajo grado. Algunas adipocinas disminuyen su expresión en sujetos obesos. Sin embargo, la leptina la aumenta en obesidad y promueve complicaciones relacionadas con esta. Estudios clínicos y experimentales indican que la leptina contribuye al desarrollo de cardiopatía isquémica y ejerce acciones perniciosas en las enfermedades cardiovasculares relacionadas con la obesidad.
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