Factors affecting cervical cytological sample adequacy and interpretation Factores que afectan la suficiencia e interpretación de la citología de cuello uterino

Abstract

Objective: to evaluate factors that affect cervical cytological sample adequacy and interpretation. Materials and methods: a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at Hospital Central “Dr. Urquinaona”, Maracaibo, Venezuela by a review of the gynecology and obstetrics outpatient clinic medical records and cervical smear reports from January to December 2019. The general characteristics and classification of the reports (as, satisfactory, satisfactory but limited by and not satisfactory for cytological evaluation), were analyzed. Results: out of 581 reports selected, 329 (56.6%) were satisfactory, 233 (40.1%) satisfactory but limited and 19 (3.3%) not satisfactory. A univariate analysis showed that not satisfactory samples, presence of symptoms at the time of collection and type of contraceptive method were significantly associated factors (p < 0.0001). Those influencing an abnormal result were satisfactory smears (odds ratio, 4.78; confidence interval 95%, 3.127-8.136) and the presence of symptoms (odds ratio, 11.652; confidence interval 95%, 2.992-38.55). This association remained significant after considering other variables such as age, parity, age at first Pap smear and contraceptive method (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: cytological sample adequacy is an important factor for identifying cell abnormalities and avoiding false negative results which delay cancer detection.