Neuroimaging in patients with COVID-19: findings description and review of the literature

Neuroimagen en pacientes con infección por COVID-19 descripción de hallazgos y revisión de la literatura

Main Article Content

Lizeth Pardo Hernández
Luisa Fernanda Jaimes Martinez

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the global spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Our understanding, so far,  of the impact this virus has on the nervous system is limited. Our article aims to review the spectrum of neuroimaging findings in patients with COVID 19, as well as, their underlying pathophysiology. Future studies examining the impact of symptoms and their correlation with neuroimaging findings duirng the course of the disease are needed to further clarify and evaluate the association between neurological complications and clinical outcome, as well as to limit long-term consequences.

Keywords:

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

Author Biography

Luisa Fernanda Jaimes Martinez, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud

Docente. Instructor Asociado.  Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud

References

Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727-733. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017

Kremer S, Lersy F, Anheim M, Merdji H, Schenck M, Oesterlé H, et al. Neurologic and neuroimaging findings in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective multicenter study. Neurology. 2020;95(13):e1868-e1882. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000010112

Ahmad I, Rathore FA. Neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A literature review. J Clin Neurosci. 2020;77:8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.05.017

Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, Meng L, Lu S. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Anal. 2020;10(2):102-108. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.03.001

Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H. Evidence of the COVID-19 Virus Targeting the CNS: Tissue Distribution, Host-Virus Interaction, and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2020;11(7):995-998. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00122

Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis ML, Lely AT, Navis G, van Goor H. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol. 2004;203(2):631-7. doi: 10.1002/path.1570

Ahmed MU, Hanif M, Ali MJ, Haider MA, Kherani D, Memon GM, et al. Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): A Review. Front Neurol. 2020;11:518. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00518

Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, Hu Y, Chen S, He Q, et al. Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(6):683-90. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127

Li YC, Bai WZ, Hashikawa T. The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2020;92(6):552-5. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25728

Turner AJ, Hiscox JA, Hooper NM. ACE2: from vasopeptidase to SARS virus receptor. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2004;25(6):291-4. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2004.04.001

Swanson PA, McGavern DB. Viral diseases of the central nervous system. Curr Opin Virol. 2015;11:44-54. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2014.12.009

Sinha P, Matthay MA, Calfee CS. Is a “Cytokine Storm” Relevant to COVID-19? JAMA Internal Medicine. 2020;180(9):1152-4. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3313

Klironomos S, Tzortzakakis A, Kits A, Öhberg C, Kollia E, Ahoromazdae A, et al. Nervous System Involvement in COVID-19: Results from a Retrospective Consecutive Neuroimaging Cohort. Radiology. 2020;297(3):E324-E334. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020202791

Meng X, Deng Y, Dai Z, Meng Z. COVID-19 and anosmia: A review based on up-to-date knowledge. Am J Otolaryngol. 2020;41(5):102581. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102581

Heidari F, Karimi E, Firouzifar M, Khamushian P, Ansari R, Mohammadi Ardehali M. Anosmia as a prominent symptom of COVID-19 infection. Rhinology. 2020;58(3):302-3. doi: 10.4193/Rhin20.140

Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati DR, Horoi M, Le Bon SD, Rodriguez A, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;277(8):2251-61. doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-05965-1

Strauss SB, Lantos JE, Heier LA, Shatzkes DR, Phillips CD. Olfactory Bulb Signal Abnormality in Patients with COVID-19 Who Present with Neurologic Symptoms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020;41(10):1882-7. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A6751

Aragão MFVV, Leal MC, Cartaxo Filho OQ, Fonseca TM, Valença MM. Anosmia in COVID-19 Associated with Injury to the Olfactory Bulbs Evident on MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020;41(9):1703-1706. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A6675

Politi LS, Salsano E, Grimaldi M. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Alteration of the Brain in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Anosmia. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(8):1028-1029. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2125

van Riel D, Verdijk R, Kuiken T. The olfactory nerve: a shortcut for influenza and other viral diseases into the central nervous system. J Pathol. 2015;235(2):277-87. doi: 10.1002/path.4461

Helms J, Tacquard C, Severac F, Leonard-Lorant I, Ohana M, Delabranche X, et al. High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(6):1089-1098. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06062-x.

Garaci F, Di Giuliano F, Picchi E, Da Ros V, Floris R. Venous cerebral thrombosis in COVID-19 patient. J Neurol Sci. 2020;414:116871. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116871

Benger M, Williams O, Siddiqui J, Sztriha L. Intracerebral haemorrhage and COVID-19: Clinical characteristics from a case series. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:940-4. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.06.005

Sharifi-Razavi A, Karimi N, Rouhani N. COVID-19 and intracerebral haemorrhage: causative or coincidental? New Microbes New Infect. 2020;35:100669. doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100669

Morassi M, Bagatto D, Cobelli M, D'Agostini S, Gigli GL, Bnà C, et al. Stroke in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: case series. J Neurol. 2020;267(8):2185-2192. doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-09885-2

Ding Y, Wang H, Shen H, Li Z, Geng J, Han H, et al. The clinical pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a report from China. J Pathol. 2003;200(3):282-9. doi: 10.1002/path.1440

Allen LM, Hasso AN, Handwerker J, Farid H. Sequence-specific MR imaging findings that are useful in dating ischemic stroke. Radiographics. 2012;32(5):1285-97; discussion 97-9. doi: 10.1148/rg.325115760

Meyers PM, Schumacher HC, Higashida RT, Barnwell SL, Creager MA, Gupta R, et al. Indications for the performance of intracranial endovascular neurointerventional procedures: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, Interdisciplinary Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease, and Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research. Circulation. 2009;119(16):2235-49. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192217

Garg RK, Paliwal VK, Gupta A. Encephalopathy in patients with COVID-19: A review. J Med Virol. 2021;93(1):206-222. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26207

Parsons T, Banks S, Bae C, Gelber J, Alahmadi H, Tichauer M. COVID-19-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). J Neurol. 2020;267(10):2799-2802. doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-09951-9

Citado por