Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics in patients with megaloblastic anemia. Hospitals of San José and children's school of San José Características clínicas y sociodemográficas en pacientes con anemia megaloblástica. Hospitales de San José e infantil universitario de San José

Abstract

Deficiency of vitamin B 12 is the most frequent cause of anemia after the origin of iron deficiency. Objective: to establish the sociodemographic and clinical profile in megaloblastic anemia. Materials and methods: series of patients hospitalized with megaloblastic anemia between January 2010 and December 2011 in the San José and Infant University hospitals of San José, Bogotá DC. Results: 17 cases, 11 in men. Average age 59 years (DE: 15.8 years, range: 37-82), 88% married, stratum two 76.4%, pensioners 17%, with income of two legal minimum wages in force 94.1% monthly and live with more than two people 75.4% . Seven patients (41.1%) with a combined deficit of folic acid and vitamin B12, of vitamin B 12 three (17.6%) and of folic acid two (14.2%). The most frequent manifestations were anorexia (70.5%), dry skin (62.5%), atrophic glossitis (29.4%) and jaundice (23.5%). Association with autoimmune disease was observed in 17.6%, neoplasias of non-haematological origin 11.7% and chronic alcohol consumption 35.3%. Conclusion: the majority belonged to low socioeconomic status, with limited income and families made up of more than two people. The most frequent manifestations were digestive, dermatological and neurological. A combined deficit of vitamin B12 and folic acid was found, exclusive of folic acid associated with chronic alcohol consumption and only of vitamin B 12. Abbreviations: AM, megaloblastic anemia.