Trastornos del comportamiento alimentario en pacientes de cirugía plástica estética ¿Es o no una población en riesgo?

Plastic surgery patients and eating disorders - Are they a population at risk?

Contenido principal del artículo

Giovanni Montealegre
Carlos Eduardo Román Herazo

Resumen

En la actualidad no se conoce la frecuencia de los trastornos de alimentación en pacientes de cirugía estética, pero se sospecha que sea mayor a la población general. Hay diferentes pruebas o cuestionarios para detectar aquellos en riesgo, siendo el examen mental el que comprueba presencia de psicopatología aplicando criterios DSM IV y CIE 10. La prevalencia de trastornos del comportamiento alimentario ha venido en aumento en la población adolescente y no está claro si es un hecho real o que se ha mejorado la capacidad para detectarlos. No se puede descartar que los estereotipos de belleza actuales hacia una figura corporal más delgada, estén jugando un papel clave en la epidemiología. El conocimiento de los factores de riesgo es de vital importancia para su detección temprana y la toma de medidas preventivas que aseguren mejores resultados terapéuticos. Así se podrían identificar los casos con problemas en el posoperatorio o que no son candidatos para procedimientos quirúrgicos. El tratamiento multidisciplinario es fundamental para corregir las alteraciones nutricionales y mentales en forma paralela.

Palabras clave:

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Detalles del artículo

Referencias

1. American Psychatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-JV-TR . Fourth ed. 1994.
2. American Society of Plastic Surgerons. 2000/2007/2008 National PIastic Surgery Statistics. 1-1-2009.
3. Mazzeo SE, Trace SE, Mitchell KS, Gow RW. Effects of a reality TV cosmetic surgery makeover program on eating disordered attitudes and behaviors. Eat Be­ hav 2007;8(3):390-397.
4. Derenne JL, Beresin EV. Body image, media, and eating disorders. Acad Psy­ chiat.ry 2006;30(3):257-261.
5. Angel L, Martinez L, Gomez M. Prevalencia de los trastornos del comportamien­ to alimentario (T.C.A) en estudiantes de bachillerato. Rev Fac Med 2008;56:193- 210.
6. Rueda Jaimes GE, Diaz Martinez LA, Ortiz Barajas DP, Pinzon PC, Rodríguez MJ, Cadena Afanador LP. [Validation of the SCOFF questionnaire for scree­ ning the eating behaviour disorders of adolescents in school]. Aten Primaria 2005;35(2):89-94.
7. Rooney B, McClelland L, Crisp AH, Sedgwick PM, The incidence and prevalen­ ce of anorexia nerviosa in three suburban health districts in south west London.
U.K. lnt J Eat Disord 1995;18(4):299-307.
8. Ishigooka J, Jwao M, Suzuki M, Fukuyama Y, Murasaki M, Miura S. Demo­ graphic features of patients seeking cosmetic surgery. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci l 998;52(3):283-287.
9. Losee JE, Jiang S, Long DE, Kreipe RE, Caldwell EH, Serletti JM. Macromastia as an etiologic factor in bulimia nerviosa: 10-year follow up after treatment with reduction mammaplasty. Arm Plast Surg 2004;52(5):452-457.
10. Ro O, Reas DL, Lask B. Norms for the Eating Disorder Examination Ques­ tionnaire among female university students in Norway. Nord J Psychiatry 2010;64(6):428-432.
11. Grilo CM, Masheb RM, Lozano-Blanco C, Barry DT. Reliability of the Eating Disorder Examination in patients with binge eating disorder. lnt J Eat Disord 2004;35(1):80-85.
12. de U, Cano Prous A, Lahortiga-Ramos F, Gual-Garcia P, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Cervera-Enguix S. [Validation of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) as a screening tool in the general population]. Med Clin (Barc ) 2008;130(13):487-491.
13. Szabo CP, Allwood CW. Application of the Eating Altitudes Test (EAT-26) in a rural, Zulu speaking, adolescent population in South Africa. World Psychiatry 2004;3(3):169-171.
14. Ruiz-Lazaro PM, Comet MP, Calvo Al et al. [Prevalence of eating disorders in early adolescent students]. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2010;38(4):204-211.
15. Angel L, Vásquez R, Martinez LM, Chavarro K, García J. comportamiento ali­ mentario. desarrollo, validez y fiabilidad de una encuesta. revista colombiana de psiquiatría 2000;29:29-48.
16. Klein DA, Walsh BT. Eating disorders. lnt Rev Psychiatry 2003;15(3):205-216.
17. Herzog DB, Greenwood DN, Dorer DJ et al. Mortality in eating disorders: a descriptive study. lnt J Eat Disord 2000;28(1):20-26.
18. Hewitt PL, Coren S, Steel GD. Death from anorexia nerviosa: age span and sex differences. Aging Ment Health 2001;5(1):41-46.
19. Millar HR, Wardell F, Vyvyan JP, Naji SA, Prescott GJ, Eagles JM. Ano­ rexia nerviosa mortality in Northeast Scotland, 1965-1999. Am J Psychiatry 2005;162(4):753-757.
20. Treasure J, Claudino AM, Zucker N. Eating disorders. Lancet 2010;375(9714): 583-593.
21. Cordas TA. [Plastic surgery and eating disorders]. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2005;27(4): 347.
22. Bulik CM, Reba L, Siega-Riz AM, Reichborn-Kjennerud T. Anorexia ner­ viosa: definition, epidemiology, and cycle of risk. lnt J Eat Disord 2005;37 Suppl:S2-S9.
23. Wilfley DE, Bishop ME, Wilson GT, Agras WS. Classification of eating disor­ ders: toward DSM-V. lnt J Eat Disord 2007;40 Suppl:S123-S129.
24. Rome ES. Eating disorders. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2003;30(2):353- 77, vii.
25. Levine JC. Anderson RC. Preoperative assessment of eating disorders in plastic surgery patients. Plast Surg Nurs 2009;29(1):60-63.

26. Gue1rn-Prado D, Barjau Romero JM, Chinchilla MA. [The epidemiology of ea­ ting disorders and the influence of mass media: a literature review]. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2001;29(6):403-410.
27. Sancho C, A.rija MV, Asorey O, Canals J. Epidemiology of eating disorders: a two year follow up in an early adolescent school population. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;16(8):495-504.
28. Crowther lli, Armey M, Luce KH, Dalton GR, Leahey T. The point prevalence of bulimic disorders from 1990 to 2004: Jnt J Eat Disord 2008;41(6):491-497.
29. Ackard DM, Fulkerson JA, Neumark-Sztainer D. Prevalence and utility of DSM-IV eating disorder diagnostic criteria among youth. lnt J Eat Disord 2007;40(5):409-417.
30. Alegria M, Woo M, Cao Z, Torres M, Meng XL, Striegel-Moore R. Prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in Latinos in the United States. lnt J Eat Disord 2007;40 Suppl:Sl5-S21.
31. Hoek HW, van HD. Review of the prevalence and incidence of eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2003;34(4):383-396.
32. Hoek HW. Jncidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia nerviosa and other eating disorders. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2006;19(4):389-394.
33. Signorini A, De FE, Panico S, De CC, Pasanisi F, Contaldo F. Long-term mor­ tality in anorexia nerviosa: a report after an 8-year follow-up and a review of the most recen!literature. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61(1):119-122.
34. Huas C, Caille A, Godart N et al. Factors predictive of ten-year mortality in severe anorexia nerviosa patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2011;123(1):62-70.
35. Button EJ, Chadalavada B, Palmer RL. Mortality and predictors of death in a cohort of patients presenting to an eating disorders service. Jnt J Eat Disord 2010;43(5):387-392.
36. Grinspoon S, Thomas E, Pitts S et al. Prevalence and predictive factors far regional osteopenia in women with anorexia nerviosa. Ano lntern Med 2000;133(10):790-794.
37. Andersen AE, Ryan GL. Eating disorders in the obstetrie and gynecologic patient population. Obstet Gynecol 2009;114(6):1353-1367.
38. Casiero D, Frishman WH. Cardiovascular complications of eating disorders. Car­ diol Rev 2006;14(5):227-231.
39. Judge BS, Eisenga BH. Disorders of fue! metabolism: medical complications as­ sociated with starvation, eating disorders, dietary fads, and supplements. Emerg Med Clin Nortb Am 2005;23(3):789-813, ix.
40. Bulik CM, Hebebrand J, Keski-Rahkonen A et al. Genetic epidemiology, en­ dophenotypes, and eating disorder classification. Int J Eat Disord 2007;40 Suppl:S52-S60.
41. Steiner H, Kwan W, Shaffer TG et al. Risk and protective factors for juvenile eating disorders. Eur Ch.ild Adolesc Psychiatry 2003;12 Suppl 1:138-6.
42. Schmidt U. Aetiology of eating disorders in the 21(st) century: new answers to old questions. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2003;12 Suppl 1:130-137.
43. Williams PM, Goodie J, Motsinger CD. Treating eating disorders in primary care. Am Fam Physician 2008;77(2):187-195.
44. Carter WP, Hudson JI, Lalonde JK, Pindyck L, McElroy SL, Pope HG, Jr. Phannacologic treatment of binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2003;34 Suppl:S74-S88.
45. Murphy R, Straebler S, Cooper Z, Fairburn CG. Cognitive behavioral therapy for eating disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2010;33(3):611-627.
46. Herpertz S, Hagenah U, Vocks S, von WJ, Cuntz U, Zeeck A. Tbe diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders. Dtsch Arztebl lnt 2011;108(40):678-685.
47. Ferguson CP, La Via MC, Crossan PJ, Kaye WH. Are serotonin selective reup­ take inhibitors effective in underweight anorexia nerviosa? Int J Eat Disord l 999;25(1):11-17.
48. Norris ML, Spettigue W, Buchholz A et al. Olanzapine use for the adjunctive treatment of adolescents with anorexia nerviosa. J Child Adolesc Psychopharma­ col 2011;21(3):213-220.
49. Brambilla F, García CS, Fassino S et al. Olanzapine therapy in anorexia nerviosa: psychobiological effects. lnt Clin Psychopharmacol 2007;22(4):197-204.
50. Sim LA, McAlpine DE, Grothe KB, Himes SM, Cockerill RG, Clark MM. Jden­ tification and treatment of eating disorders in the primary care setting. Mayo Clin Proc 2010;85(8):746-751.
51. Goldstein DJ, Wilson MG, Ascroft RC, al-Banna M. Effectiveness of fluoxetine therapy in bulimia nerviosa regardless of comorbid depression. lnt J Eat Disord 1999;25(1):19-27.

Citado por